Influence of Low-Level Exposure to <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins on Selected Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Young Swine

Rotter, B. A.; Thompson, B. K.; Lessard, Martin; Trenholm, H. L.; Tryphonas, Helen

doi:10.1093/toxsci/23.1.117

Cited by 114 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…However, this effect was only significant after 7 days of feeding the experimental diets and disappeared after 21 days. In contrast, Rotter et al [21] reported an initial decrease in leukocyte count after 7 days feeding the experimental diets (up to 3 mg DON N kg -1 ) whereas after 28 days the opposite was found. In this regard it is interesting to note that a feeding regimen (ad libitum or restrictively) caused a greater variance in total leukocyte count than the DON contamination of the diet (6 -7 mg N kg -1 ) [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

On the effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for gilts on feed intake, growth performance and metabolism of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

Dänicke¹,

Brüssow

Valenta³

et al. 2005

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

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A total of 36 gilts (103 +/- 6 kg) were divided into four groups and fed diets with increasing proportions of a Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat over a period of 35 days. The concentrations of the indicator toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) which were analyzed by HPLC methods were 210 and 4, 3070 and 88, 6100 and 235 and 9570 and 358 mug.kg(-1) diet fed to groups 1-4 respectively. Feed was partially refused during the first 21 days of the experiment by groups 2, 3 and 4 where two, three and six out of nine gilts were affected. No signs of hyperestrogenism or uterotrophic effects were observed due to dietary treatments. Blood serum, urine, bile and liver were analyzed for residues of DON, ZON and their metabolites. DON and its de-epoxidized metabolite (de-epoxy-DON) were detected in all analyzed specimens and increased in a significantly linearly related fashion. Alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) and beta-ZOL could be detected besides the parent toxin ZON, but only in bile and urine. In conclusion, the impact of dietary treatments on the performance parameters was most pronounced in the highest exposed group. The maximum ratio between DON concentration in liver and diet was 0.0013, and suggests that a possible contamination of pig liver with DON is negligible and does not contribute significantly to human DON exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

On the effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for gilts on feed intake, growth performance and metabolism of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

Dänicke¹,

Brüssow

Valenta³

et al. 2005

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

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“…In our study, the CON and LDI groups almost completely ingested their daily wheat ration; however, the HDI group, which consumed DON at concentrations of 11.4 up to 12 mg/kg wheat, had reduced wheat feed intake (Table 2). In pigs, a DON concentrations of 3 mg/kg feed was associated with a reduced feed intake (Bergsjø et al 1993;Prelusky et al 1994;Rotter et al 1994). Goyarts et al (2005) also observed a reduced feed intake in pigs offered a DON-contaminated diet (6.64 mg DON/kg feed) ad libitum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

et al. 2015

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The present study examined the short-term effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), administered at two different concentrations via a feed preparation using naturally contaminated wheat, on feed intake, liver and kidney metabolism and immunomodulatory properties in horses. Twelve geldings were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 21 days. DON was provided via naturally contaminated wheat (14.6 ± 6.5 mg DON/kg dry matter). The daily feed intake was adjusted to 4 kg of wheat and 1.7 kg of silage per 100 kg of body weight (BW). Horses were fed one of the following diets: control wheat with 0% contaminated wheat (CON), wheat mixture containing 53 ± 2% of DON-contaminated wheat [low DON intake (LDI)] or wheat mixture containing 78 ± 4% of DON-contaminated wheat [high DON intake (HDI)]. CON, LDI and HDI corresponded to a targeted daily DON intake via the complete ration of <5, 50 and 75 μg/kg BW, respectively. None of the horses demonstrated any clinical signs commonly associated with the intake of DON such as colic or depression. HDI was associated with lower daily wheat intake on day 21. Serum DON concentrations increased with higher DON intake. The non-toxic DON metabolite, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) was only detected on day 21 of the DON feeding period. No changes in haematological and serum parameters or serum globulins or in the ex vivo proliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed. These results suggest that horses are less sensitive to DON exposure than other domestic species, for example, swine. Therefore, the European Commission guidance value for critical DON concentrations in swine feed (complete diet) of 0.9 mg/kg could be safely applied for rations intended for feeding adult horses as well.

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“…Direct effects are mediated through the direct effect of DON on the cells of the organism, indirect effects through the effects via various physiological functions. To separate these effects from each other, in several studies an ad libitum group and a pair-fed group were introduced (Goyarts et al 2005;Rotter et al 1994). Herein, it could be demonstrated that the negative effects of DON on growth and weight gain are solely mediated through the voluntary reduction of feed consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immune relevant genes in pigs under the influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON)

Becker

Reiter²,

Pfaffl³

et al. 2011

Mycotoxin Res

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common Fusarium toxins in animal feed and poses a potential risk especially for monogastric animals like pigs. DON is known to modulate the immune system, dependent on dose and frequency of exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low levels of DON on the expression of immune relevant genes. In a feeding trial (84 days), 20 pigs were assigned equally to a control and a treatment group. The DON-content of the contaminated diet was 1.2 mg/kg from day 1 to 41, from day 42 it was elevated to 2.0 mg/kg. The control group (n= 10) was fed a diet with a DON concentration lower than 0.05 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken over the course of the study and ileum samples were taken at slaughter. Gene expression measurement was done using real-time RTqPCR. For target genes, those cytokines were chosen, which were estimated to be implicated in the modulation of the immune system induced by DON ingestion. In ileum, significant down-regulations could be observed for IL-1β and IL-8 (p<0.05). Most significant regulations in blood could be detected on day 45 after increasing the dietary DON content in the experimental diet. Herein, downregulations of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα were demonstrated. In conclusion, the present study provides data concerning chronic application of DON in low doses, as little is known in this area. Down-regulations of immune-related transcription factors and pro-inflammatory immune factors could be demonstrated.

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Influence of Low-Level Exposure to Fusarium Mycotoxins on Selected Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Young Swine

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

On the effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for gilts on feed intake, growth performance and metabolism of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

On the effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for gilts on feed intake, growth performance and metabolism of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

Expression of immune relevant genes in pigs under the influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON)

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