Influence of local stand basal area on density and growth of regeneration in uneven‐aged <i>Picea abies</i> stands

Lundqvist, Lars; Fridman, Eva

doi:10.1080/02827589609382948

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, the results were inconclusive whether standing volume was a better explanatory variable than the basal area to be used in regeneration studies. However, seedling growth is the response on resource availability determined by the dimension of overstorey trees (Goldberg 1990), and the correlation analyses showed that basal area was uncorrelated with dominant diameter and height in the range of 15-30 m 2 ha -1 , in which most research were carried out (e.g., Lundqvist and Fridman 1996;Eerikäinen et al 2007). Further research is needed to explore the potentials of combined individual tree models (e.g., Hasenauer and Kindermann 2002) and our models to be utilized by forest owners and managers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Valkonen and Maguire (2005) showed that overstory density, in terms of basal area (m 2 ha -1 ), was not significantly related to germinant response in their study but was observed to affect the ground vegetation changes. Similarly, Lundqvist and Fridman (1996) concluded that stand basal area was not a significant factor for density and growth of regeneration; Eerikäinen et al (2007) also noted that basal area was not a significant independent variable in their models. Stancioiu and O'Hara (2006) concluded that shading conditions affect Norway spruce regeneration potentials and that spruce tends to outgrow other shade tolerant species in forests with 80-90% of above canopy light and a basal area of less than 15-20 m 2 ha -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) regeneration and growth of understory trees under single-tree selection silviculture in Finland

Lin

Laiho²,

Lähde³

2011

Eur J Forest Res

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This study presents empirical data on regeneration and growth of understory trees and constructs simple models for predicting these characteristics at various stand structure and post-thinning standing volume levels. The field experiment was established on a grass/herb mineral soil site in central Finland. Regeneration and understory tree growth data were collected from 24 Norway spruce (Picea abies L.)-dominated mixed substands. Seedlings with heights from 5 to 130 cm were measured in 1996 and 2007. In addition, the annual height growth of Norway spruce seedlings was measured in 2007. The spatial pattern of the substands varied from clustered to regular with a decreasing standing volume. Stand complexity was uniform across the range of standing volume. In the 2007 survey, the amount of Norway spruce regeneration increased from approximately 400 to 5,000 seedlings ha -1 when the post-thinning standing volume level was reduced from 230 to 90 m 3 ha -1 , respectively. Nearly no seedlings were found when the standing volume was over 300 m 3 ha -1 . The annual diameter increment in Norway spruce understory (dbh \ 5 cm) trees decreased, on the average, from 2.3 to 0.3 mm with an increase in the standing volume level from 90 to 340 m 3 ha -1 , respectively; their height growth showed also a decreasing trend when the standing volume increased. The results indicated that a post-thinning standing volume lower than 150 m 3 ha -1 with a regular overstory spatial structure provides a suitable environment for regeneration and growth of Norway spruce understory trees in the studied forest type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) regeneration and growth of understory trees under single-tree selection silviculture in Finland

Lin

Laiho²,

Lähde³

2011

Eur J Forest Res

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“…A recent survey to find guidance in a range of different countries on the number of saplings considered to be sufficient did not locate much relevant information that could be used to inform practice in Britain [15]. However, a number of studies of sapling development and mortality have been published [8,[34][35][36][37] and it is clear from these that the survival of a sapling is related to its size and rate of growth, the shade tolerance of the species, site and the impacts of mammals. Models of sapling growth have also been developed [38,39] but an important concern with any regeneration model is availability of data [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main factors involved in natural regeneration can be divided into five groups: seed supply; seedbed conditions; ground flora; animal impacts and stand conditions. However, once a tree has become established there is a subtle change in the balance between these factors with the former three, which are largely related to seed and the substrate, becoming less important for survival and the latter two becoming prominent [8,9]. There is also an additional factor to consider as young trees can become damaged or killed during harvesting [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Survival of Saplings during the Transformation to Continuous Cover

Kerr

Mackintosh

2012

Forests

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Abstract:The Glentress Trial Area is an extensive research area in southern Scotland of 117 ha where a long-term trial of the transformation of even-aged plantations to continuous cover has been in progress since 1952. During the assessment of permanent sample plots in 1990 information on the species and spatial position of saplings (trees taller than 1.3 m with a diameter at breast height of <7 cm) was recorded. This provided a unique opportunity to investigate the long-term survival of saplings during the transformation process when the Trial Area was reassessed in 2009. The main finding was that 37% of saplings survived the 19-year period and the majority developed into trees (≥7 cm diameter at breast height). There was considerable variation between species, the lowest survival of saplings was European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) (13%) and the highest European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) (55%); however differences between species were not significant. There were, however, significant differences between the six management areas with three with high sapling survival (55% to 61%) but others much lower (27% to 32%). If this result is confirmed by other studies, covering a broader range of sites, management guidance that assumes 90% survival will need to be revised.

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“…For example, Lähde et al (1999) calculated that in mature forests growing on mineral soil sites the total number of understorey Scots pine, Norway spruce and birches (from 50 cm height to 6 cm dbh) averaged 3000 trees/ha in the 1950s (see also Sarvas, 1944;Laiho et al, 2011)]. Plentiful regeneration was measured also later in both Finland (Lähde, 1992a,b;Lähde et al, 1999) and Sweden (Lundqvist, 1993;Lundqvist and Fridman, 1996;Lundqvist and Nilson, 2007). Pukkala et al (2011b) calculated that only 5% of mature Finnish stands had less than 500 understorey trees of pine, spruce and birch per hectare, and 60% of stands had at least 2000 understorey trees at the end of the 1900s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height increment of understorey Norway spruces under different tree canopies

2014

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Background: Stands having advance regeneration of spruce are logical places to start continuous cover forestry (CCF) in fertile and mesic boreal forests. However, the development of advance regeneration is poorly known. Methods: This study used regression analysis to model the height increment of spruce understorey as a function of seedling height, site characteristics and canopy structure. Results: An admixture of pine and birch in the main canopy improves the height increment of understorey. When the stand basal area is 20 m2ha-1 height increment is twice as fast under pine and birch canopies, as compared to spruce. Height increment of understorey spruce increases with increasing seedling height. Between-stand and within-stand residual variation in the height increment of understorey spruces is high. The increment of 1/6 fastestgrowing seedlings is at least 50% greater than the average. Conclusions: The results of this study help forest managers to regulate the density and species composition of the stand, so as to obtain a sufficient height development of the understorey. In pure and almost pure spruce stands, the stand basal area should be low for a good height increment of the understorey.

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Influence of local stand basal area on density and growth of regeneration in uneven‐aged Picea abies stands

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) regeneration and growth of understory trees under single-tree selection silviculture in Finland

Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) regeneration and growth of understory trees under single-tree selection silviculture in Finland

Long-Term Survival of Saplings during the Transformation to Continuous Cover

Height increment of understorey Norway spruces under different tree canopies

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