Influence of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on mechanic properties of coal and constitutive model study

Jin, Xiaomin; Gao, Jianliang; Cheng-dong, SU; Liu, Jiajia

doi:10.1080/15567036.2018.1563245

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In contrast, cryogenic liquid freeze fracturing technology (i.e., fracturing coal by periodically injecting liquid N 2 , CO 2 , and other low-temperature fluids into the coal body), as a water-free fracturing method, can not only effectively avoid excessive waste of water, but also provide significantly strong injection and drainage effects. This technique has gradually received the attention of many scholars. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Application of Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Coalbed Methane Production Simulation

et al. 2022

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Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance has become one of the main methods to characterize static parameters and dynamic changes in unconventional reservoirs. The research focus of this paper is process simulation of coalbed methane (CBM) production. The dynamic variation of pore volume with different pore sizes during pressure drop, methane desorption–diffusion process, and methane–water interaction during migration is discussed. Moreover, the calculation principles of NMR single and multifractal models are systematically described, and the applicability of NMR fractal models within different research contexts is discussed. Four aspects need urgent attention in the application of this technology in CBM production: (1) overburden NMR technology has limitations in characterizing the stress sensitivity of shale and high-rank coal reservoirs with micropores developed, and we should aim to enable an accurate description of micropore pore stress sensitivity; (2) dynamic NMR physical simulation of reservoir gas and water production based on in-situ and actual geological development conditions should become one of the key aspects of follow-up research; (3) low-temperature freeze–thaw NMR technology, as a new pore–fracture characterization method, needs to be further applied in characterizing the distribution characteristics of pores and fractures; and (4) NMR fractal model should be used as the main theoretical method to expand the simulation results. The applicability of different fractal models in characterizing pore–fracture structure (static) and CBM production process (dynamic) needs to be clarified.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Application of Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Coalbed Methane Production Simulation

et al. 2022

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“…Applications of 50 mN and 200 mN resulted in decreases in the nanoindentation moduli of the Mancos samples from 24.6 GPa to 16.8 GPa and 15.6 GPa, respectively. Jin [79] conducted experiments on anthracite and coking coal using LNCFT, which led to reductions in the elastic moduli, compressive strengths, and brittleness indexes of the coal samples after thawing, consequently changing their properties from brittleness to ductility. From the above analysis, it can be seen that multiple freezing and thawing can deteriorate the mechanical properties of coal rock, which lays the foundation for the generation and development of fissures in the subsequent stages.…”

Section: Effects Of Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Wang,

Li,

Song

et al. 2024

Processes

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Ultralow-temperature fluids (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid CO2) are novel waterless fracturing technologies designed for dry, water-sensitive reservoirs. Due to their ultralow temperatures, high compression ratios, strong frost heaving forces, and low viscosities, they offer a solution for enhancing the fracturing and permeability of low-permeability reservoirs. In this study, we focus on the combined effects of high-pressure fluid rock breaking, low-temperature freeze-thaw fracturing, and liquid-gas phase transformation expansion on coal-rock in low-permeability reservoirs during liquid nitrogen fracturing (LNF). We systematically analyze the factors that limit the LNF effectiveness, and we discuss the pore fracture process induced by low-temperature fracturing in coal-rock and its impact on the permeability. Based on this analysis, we propose a model and flow for fracturing low-permeability reservoirs with low-temperature fluids. The analysis suggests that the Leidenfrost effect and phase change after ultralow-temperature fluids enter the coal support the theoretical feasibility of high-pressure fluid rock breaking. The thermal impact and temperature exchange rate between the fluid and coal determine the temperature difference gradient, which directly affects the mismatch deformation and fracture development scale of different coal-rock structures. The low-temperature phase change coupling fracturing of ultralow-temperature fluids is the key to the formation of reservoir fracture networks. The coal-rock components, natural fissures, temperature difference gradients, and number of cycles are the key factors in low-temperature fracturing. In contrast to those in conventional hydraulic fracturing, the propagation and interaction of fractures under low-temperature conditions involve multifield coupling and synergistic temperature, fluid flow, fracture development, and stress distribution processes. The key factors determining the feasibility of the large-scale application of ultralow-temperature fluid fracturing in the future are the reconstruction of fracture networks and the enhancement of the permeability response in low-permeability reservoirs. Based on these considerations, we propose a model and process for LNF in low-permeability reservoirs. The research findings presented herein provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for understanding waterless fracturing mechanisms in deep reservoirs.

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“…As the share of unconventional oil and gas in global oil and gas production gradually increased, the amount of research on LN 2 fracturing has also increased. − Table and Figure show the number of research articles on LN 2 fracturing published between 2011 and 2021.…”

Section: Ln2 Fracturing Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: A Review

et al. 2022

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Liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) fracturing is an anhydrous fracturing technology that enhances coal permeability and supports unconventional oil and gas exploitation. In this Review, we provide a systematic review of five aspects of LN 2 fracturing. They are the history of the technology's development, research topics, factors influencing fracturing efficiency, fracturing mechanism, and engineering processes and systems. Liquid nitrogen fracturing transforms coal and rock pore structure through mechanisms such as low temperature, freeze−thaw damage, and gas expansion. It changes coal and rock mechanical properties and improves the pore penetration and efficiency of unconventional oil and gas extraction. However, in-depth studies are still required in many areas. They include theoretical studies of twophase nitrogen flow in coal and rock, development of technical equipment to support field operations, and plans to monitor and evaluate fracturing efficiency. On the basis of the advances in LN 2 fracturing research and the challenges, we conclude that future research should focus on multiphase flow and field equipment and technology.

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Influence of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on mechanic properties of coal and constitutive model study

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Review on the Application of Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Coalbed Methane Production Simulation

Review on the Application of Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in Coalbed Methane Production Simulation

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Advances in Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: A Review

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