“…Particles with an average diameter of 96 nm were obtained. β-carotene's half-life at 25 • C and pH 7.0 increased from 4 d to 10 d (k 25 • C 0.170 and 0.071 d −1 , Table 1) with increasing glyceryl stearate content from 0 to 2% [75]. The stabilizing effect of encapsulation was lower than that observed in a previous study [73], probably due to the lower size of the particles.…”
Section: Rate Of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation In Solid Lipid (...mentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The stabilizing effect of encapsulation was lower than that observed in a previous study [73], probably due to the lower size of the particles. One point to notice is that, compared to O/W emulsions, the SL nanoparticles showed a much lower activation energy, equal to 20 kJ/mol (Table 3) [75]. Hence, O/W emulsions and SL nanoparticles showed different responsiveness to temperature fluctuations and, hence, thermal behavior is another parameter to be considered in order to optimize β-carotene stability.…”
Section: Rate Of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation In Solid Lipid (...mentioning
The provitamin A activity of β-carotene is of primary interest to address one of the world’s major malnutrition concerns. β carotene is a fat-soluble compound and its bioavailability from natural sources is very poor. Hence, studies have been focused on the development of specific core/shell micro- or nano-structures that encapsulate β-carotene in order to allow its dispersion in liquid systems and improve its bioavailability. One key objective when developing these structures is also to accomplish β-carotene stability. The aim of this review is to collect kinetic data (rate constants, activation energy) on the degradation of encapsulated β-carotene in order to derive knowledge on the possibility for these systems to be scaled-up to the industrial production of functional foods. Results showed that most of the nano- and micro-structures designed for β-carotene encapsulation and dispersion in the water phase provide better protection with respect to a natural matrix, such as carrot juice, increasing the β-carotene half-life from about 30 d to more than 100 d at room temperature. One promising approach to increase β-carotene stability was found to be the use of wall material, surfactants, or co-encapsulated compounds with antioxidant activity. Moreover, a successful approach was the design of structures, where the core is partially or fully solidified; alternatively, either the core or the interface or the outer phase are gelled. The data collected could serve as a basis for the rational design of structures for β-carotene encapsulation, where new ingredients, especially the extraordinary natural array of hydrocolloids, are applied.
“…Particles with an average diameter of 96 nm were obtained. β-carotene's half-life at 25 • C and pH 7.0 increased from 4 d to 10 d (k 25 • C 0.170 and 0.071 d −1 , Table 1) with increasing glyceryl stearate content from 0 to 2% [75]. The stabilizing effect of encapsulation was lower than that observed in a previous study [73], probably due to the lower size of the particles.…”
Section: Rate Of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation In Solid Lipid (...mentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The stabilizing effect of encapsulation was lower than that observed in a previous study [73], probably due to the lower size of the particles. One point to notice is that, compared to O/W emulsions, the SL nanoparticles showed a much lower activation energy, equal to 20 kJ/mol (Table 3) [75]. Hence, O/W emulsions and SL nanoparticles showed different responsiveness to temperature fluctuations and, hence, thermal behavior is another parameter to be considered in order to optimize β-carotene stability.…”
Section: Rate Of Encapsulated β-Carotene Degradation In Solid Lipid (...mentioning
The provitamin A activity of β-carotene is of primary interest to address one of the world’s major malnutrition concerns. β carotene is a fat-soluble compound and its bioavailability from natural sources is very poor. Hence, studies have been focused on the development of specific core/shell micro- or nano-structures that encapsulate β-carotene in order to allow its dispersion in liquid systems and improve its bioavailability. One key objective when developing these structures is also to accomplish β-carotene stability. The aim of this review is to collect kinetic data (rate constants, activation energy) on the degradation of encapsulated β-carotene in order to derive knowledge on the possibility for these systems to be scaled-up to the industrial production of functional foods. Results showed that most of the nano- and micro-structures designed for β-carotene encapsulation and dispersion in the water phase provide better protection with respect to a natural matrix, such as carrot juice, increasing the β-carotene half-life from about 30 d to more than 100 d at room temperature. One promising approach to increase β-carotene stability was found to be the use of wall material, surfactants, or co-encapsulated compounds with antioxidant activity. Moreover, a successful approach was the design of structures, where the core is partially or fully solidified; alternatively, either the core or the interface or the outer phase are gelled. The data collected could serve as a basis for the rational design of structures for β-carotene encapsulation, where new ingredients, especially the extraordinary natural array of hydrocolloids, are applied.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.