Influence of lime particle and slag properties on lime dissolution in BOF converter

Vieira, Ludimila Melo; Oliveira, Heitor Cristo Clem de; Telles, Victor Bridi; Junca, Eduardo; Vieira, Estéfano Aparecido; Oliveira, José Roberto de

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.058

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Eccentrically stirring the molten slag (containing a lime cube); [9,10] stirring slag using a Mo impeller [11] or alumina impeller; [12] argon gas bubbling in slag via an iron tube [13,14] Increased mass transfer in slag due to forced convection; realistic method(s) to simulate the actual situation in BOS converters.…”

Section: Forced Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaO-FeO-SiO 2 slag and lime cube sample. The other attempts to increase the convection include using a molybdenum impeller [11] or an alumina impeller [12] rotating at a certain speed to promote the agitation of the metal/slag bath. Maruoka et al [13,14] measured the dissolution rate under the experimental condition of argon gas bubbling through an iron tube into slag.…”

Section: Dynamic Condition-sampling From Industry Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smaller particle size favors a larger area of specific contact with the slag, which increases the lime dissolution rate. [12] However, more than 80% of lime particles less than 5 mm in size escape into off-gas systems.…”

Section: Lime Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Slag: Formation, Reaction, and Energy and Material Recovery

Spooner

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process produced over 70% of the global crude steel in 2018, [1] generating 100 to 150 kg of slag ("BOS slag") for every tonne of crude steel produced. BOS slag, a product of hot metal element (e.g., Si, Mn, Fe, P) oxidation and flux (e.g., lime, dolomite) dissolution, plays a critical role in the production of high-quality crude steel.All elements present in the hot metal charged in the BOS converter are thermodynamically very unstable with respect to their oxides when exposed to the oxygen jet at the BOS operating temperatures. Thus, carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and the iron itself all tend to oxidize very rapidly to form CO (or CO 2 ), SiO 2 , MnO, P 2 O 5 , and FeO (or Fe 2 O 3 ), respectively. In the BOS practice, large quantities of iron and silicon are initially oxidized to give a liquid, predominantly binary, FeO-SiO 2 slag, which floats on top of the metal pool. Usually lime (CaO) is rapidly added to "neutralize" this acid FeO-SiO 2 slag and produce a "basic" multicomponent FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-MnO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO-P 2 O 5 slag. This basic slag produces the correct partition of metalloids, particularly phosphorus, between the slag and metal and also protects the basic vessel lining (usually magnesite, MgO). Over the entire blowing period of the BOS process, this basic slag is emulsified with a large amount of gas bubbles and metal droplets, and the gas-slag-metal droplet reactions control the element transfer between the steel and slag (e.g., phosphorus removal and reversion) and subsequently the productivity and crude steel quality, which greatly attracts great interest from academics to understand the transient phenomena in the gas-BOS slag-metal droplet system. After completing its refining function in the BOS process, the hot BOS slag is poured into a slag pot. The BOS slag was considered a waste in old times but now as a secondary resource because it contains a large amount of thermal energy (temperature up to 1700 C), chemical energy (metallic and low-valence metallic oxides), and valuable materials (e.g., iron oxides).The behavior of BOS slag inside the BOS vessel, e.g., formation and reaction with gas and metal droplets, is still not clear and its recycling, including energy and material recovery, has always been challenging. This article introduces some BOS-slag-related research conducted by the present authors, in addition to a critical review of relevant research reported in the literature. It covers the topics of lime dissolution (slag formation), high-temperature-behavior interrogation through in situ observation, slag-metal droplet reaction mechanisms (spontaneous emulsification), and recovery of energy and materials from the molten BOS slag. This article aims to provide state-of-the-art understanding on relevant research topics and point out new research directions.

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Section: Forced Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamic Condition-sampling From Industry Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Slag: Formation, Reaction, and Energy and Material Recovery

Spooner

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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“…Dodatkom talitelja počinje i reakcija između novonastalih oksida mangana, željeza, fosfora, čime dolazi do stvaranja troske koja "pliva" na površini čelika kad se završi upuhivanje kisika. 42,43 Upuhivanje kisika provodi se pomoću vodom hlađenog koplja koje se u KK najčešće uvodi odozgo. Položaj koplja (uvjetovan radom čeličane) osigurava pravilno odvijanje procesa.…”

Section: Današnji Postupci Proizvodnje čElikaunclassified

Svjetska proizvodnja čelika u razdoblju od 2000. do 2020. godine

Gojić

Ivanić

Knežević

2022

Kemija U Industriji

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“…Wang does many studies on the relationship between microstructure and physicochemical properties of limestone including, porosity, bulk density, pore size distribution, specific surface area and activity were studied under the condition of rapid heating from room temperature to 1350–1550 °C, the results showed that complete decomposition of limestone (diameter 12.5–15 mm) at 1350 °C, 1450 °C and 1550 °C took 11.7 min, 9.2 min and 6.9 min, respectively [ 3 ]. The subject of was to evaluate the influence of lime particle size and lime calcination level as well as slag properties (basicity, viscosity, CaO activity and density) on lime particle dissolution at temperature in the early stage of process blowing time of the basic oxygen furnace (1400 °C) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation Study of Gas-Solid Heat Transfer and Decomposition Processes of Limestone Calcined with Blast Furnace Gas in a Parallel Flow Regenerative Lime Kiln

Duan

Rong

2022

Materials

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Quicklime is an essential reducing agent in the steel smelting process and its calcination from limestone is accompanied by considerable energy consumption. As a relatively economical lime kiln, the Parallel Flow Regenerative (PFR) lime kiln is used as the main equipment for the production of quicklime by various steel industries. PFR lime kilns generally use natural gas as the fuel gas. Although natural gas has a high calorific value and is effective in calcination, with the increasing price of natural gas and the pressure saves energy and protect the environment, it makes sense of exploring the use of cleaner energy sources or other sub-products as fuel gas. The use of blast furnace gas (BFG) as a low calorific value fuel gas produced in the steel smelting process has been of interest. This paper therefore develops a set of mathematical models for gas-solid heat transfer and limestone decomposition based on a Porous Medium Model (PMM) and a Shrinking Core Model (SCM) to numerically simulate a PFR lime kiln using BFG in order to investigate the feasibility of calcining limestone with low calorific fuel gas and to provide a valuable reference for future development of such processes and the kiln structure improvement.

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Influence of lime particle and slag properties on lime dissolution in BOF converter

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Slag: Formation, Reaction, and Energy and Material Recovery

Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Slag: Formation, Reaction, and Energy and Material Recovery

Svjetska proizvodnja čelika u razdoblju od 2000. do 2020. godine

Numerical Simulation Study of Gas-Solid Heat Transfer and Decomposition Processes of Limestone Calcined with Blast Furnace Gas in a Parallel Flow Regenerative Lime Kiln

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