Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles

Raymo, Maureen E; Ruddiman, William F.; Froelich, Philip N.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0649:iolcmb>2.3.co;2

Cited by 783 publications

(382 citation statements)

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“…In light of the significance of the Brahmaputra river on global sediment and chemical budgets, it is important to understand the dominant chemical weathering processes in this catchment, the spatial patterns of chemical denudation, and specifically, to determine whether small areas of a landscape can exert significant control on global chemical budgets. This is particularly relevant in light of recent arguments which suggest that Cenozoic climate change was driven by atmospheric CO 2 reduction resulting from accelerated silicate weathering due to the uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan plateau (Raymo et al, 1988;Raymo and Ruddiman, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Hren

Chamberlain

Hilley

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

166

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The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau, including the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active regions on the globe. We measured the solute chemistry of 161 streams and major tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra to examine the effect of tectonic, climatic, and geologic factors on chemical weathering rates. Specifically, we quantify chemical weathering fluxes and CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in southern Tibet and the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, examine the major chemical weathering reactions in the tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, and determine the total weathering flux from carbonate and silicate weathering processes in this region. We show that high precipitation, rapid tectonic uplift, steep channel slopes, and high stream power generate high rates of chemical weathering in the eastern syntaxis. The total dissolved solids (TDS) flux from the this area is greater than 520 tons km À2 yr À1 and the silicate cation flux more than 34 tons km À2 yr À1 . In total, chemical weathering in this area consumes 15.2 · 10 5 mol CO 2 km À2 yr À1 , which is twice the Brahmaputra average. These data show that 15-20% of the total CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in the Brahmaputra catchment is derived from only 4% of the total land area of the basin. Hot springs and evaporite weathering provide significant contributions to dissolved Na + and Cl À fluxes throughout southern Tibet, comprising more than 50% of all Na + in some stream systems. Carbonate weathering generates 80-90% of all dissolved Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ cations in much of the Yarlung Tsangpo catchment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Hren

Chamberlain

Hilley

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

166

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“…On timescales of interest here, we can consider the first two sources as constant, so any change in marine 87 Sr/ 86 Sr must reflect changes in the continental source, which is determined by the flux of Sr to the ocean and its 87 Sr/ 86 Sr value. The specific mechanisms driving the general increase in seawater 87 Sr/ 86 Sr during the Cenozoic are still a subject of debate, but the primary ones are thought to involve uplift-induced weathering of lithologies in the Himalayan region with high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (Raymo et al, 1988;Richter et al, 1992;Derry and France-Lanord, 1996) and glaciation (Armstrong, 1971;Hodell et al, 1989;Capo and DePaolo, 1990;Farrell et al, 1995;Blum and Erel, 1995).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The middle Pleistocene transition: characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in atmospheric pCO2

Clark

Archer

Pollard

et al. 2006

Quaternary Science Reviews

945

777

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“…For example, the timing of plateau development places important constraints on the mechanism(s) by which convergence between India and Eurasia has been accommodated [Tapponnier et al, 1982;England and Houseman, 1986], while the rates of uplift of the plateau surface have major implications for the dynamics of plateau formation and the relative significance of deformational processes in the crust and mantle [England and Molnar, 1990]. The development of high elevation in central Asia has been linked to the onset and intensification of the Asian monsoon [Molnar et al, 1993] and perhaps to the drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 via enhanced silicate weathering [Raymo et al, 1988]. Thus the elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau plays a central role in the continuing debate over large-scale linkages between tectonics and global climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology

et al. 2002

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[1] High topography in central Asia is perhaps the most fundamental expression of the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision, yet an understanding of the timing and rates of development of the Tibetan Plateau remains elusive. Here we investigate the Cenozoic thermal histories of rocks along the eastern margin of the plateau adjacent to the Sichuan Basin in an effort to determine when the steep topographic escarpment that characterizes this margin developed. Temperaturetime paths inferred from 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronology of biotite, multiple diffusion domain modeling of alkali feldspar 40 Ar release spectra, and (U-Th)/He thermochronology of zircon and apatite imply that rocks at the present-day topographic front of the plateau underwent slow cooling (<1°C/m.y.) from Jurassic times until the late Miocene or early Pliocene. The regional extent and consistency of thermal histories during this time period suggest the presence of a stable thermal structure and imply that regional denudation rates were low (<0.1 mm/yr for nominal continental geotherms). Beginning in the late Miocene or early Pliocene, these samples experienced a pronounced cooling event (>30°-50°C/m.y.) coincident with exhumation from inferred depths of $8 -10 km, at denudation rates of 1 -2 mm/yr. Samples from the interior of the plateau continued to cool relatively slowly during the same time period ($3°C/m.y.), suggesting limited exhumation (1 -2 km). However, these samples record a slight increase in cooling rate (from <1 to $3°C/m.y.) at some time during the middle Tertiary; the tectonic significance of this change remains uncertain. Regardless, late Cenozoic denudation in this region appears to have been markedly heterogeneous, with the highest rates of exhumation focused at the topographic front of the plateau margin. We infer that the onset of rapid cooling at the plateau margin reflects the erosional response to the development of regionally significant topographic gradients between the plateau and the stable Sichuan Basin and thus marks the onset of deformation related to the development of the Tibetan Plateau in this region. The present margin of the plateau adjacent to and north of the Sichuan Basin is apparently no older than the late Miocene or early Pliocene ($5 -12 Ma).

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Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles

Cited by 783 publications

References 0 publications

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

The middle Pleistocene transition: characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in atmospheric pCO2

Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology

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Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles

Cited by 783 publications

References 0 publications

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

The middle Pleistocene transition: characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in atmospheric pCO2

Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology

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Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology