Influence of larval outbreaks on the climate reconstruction potential of an Arctic shrub

Wilmking, Martin; Buras, Allan; Lehejček, Jiří; Lange, Jelena; Shetti, Rohan; Maaten, Ernst van der

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2018.02.010

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, to the confusion matrix, we verified the spatiotemporal maps of E. occulta defoliation events with previously documented records of outbreak events in South West Greenland (Lund et al, ; Wilmking et al, ; Young et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Disentangling climate and insect outbreaks as drivers of narrow rings requires a combination of multiple lines of evidence. This includes single years with significant abrupt growth reduction, called negative pointer years, combined with reduction in cell wall thickness and reductions in NDVI values independent of low growing season temperatures or other environmental factors (Wilmking et al, ). At five sites, we detected consistent negative and positive pointer years (Kaennel & Schweingruber, ) on the raw data of Salix ‐ring width and CWT f applying both the Cropper and Neuwirth methods (Cropper, ; Neuwirth, Schweingruber, & Winiger, ) using the pointRes package (van der Maaten‐Theunissen, Maaten, & Bouriaud, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, in broad‐leaved shrubs at northern latitudes, outbreaks are documented to induce significant effects from a landscape to a plant anatomical level with a decrease in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Tømmervik, Høgda, & Karlsen, ), an evident growth depression (Büntgen et al, ; Sangüesa‐Barreda, Camarero, García‐Martín, Hernández, & Riva, ) and a reduction in xylem cell‐wall thickness (Wilmking et al, ; Young, Watts, Taylor, & Post, ). Growth of arctic shrubs is usually significantly affected by herbivory disturbances which can also decrease the quality and reliability of the climate – growth associations (Humbert & Kneeshaw, ; Wilmking et al, ). However, Wilmking et al () showed that the combination of ring width (RW) and wood anatomical analysis has the potential to disentangle growth depression caused by climate or insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth of arctic shrubs is usually significantly affected by herbivory disturbances which can also decrease the quality and reliability of the climate – growth associations (Humbert & Kneeshaw, ; Wilmking et al, ). However, Wilmking et al () showed that the combination of ring width (RW) and wood anatomical analysis has the potential to disentangle growth depression caused by climate or insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last 20 years, several studies using remote sensing have assessed regional scale insect disturbances and their consequences in forest ecosystems (Babst et al, ; Chen & Meentemeyer, ; HØgda & TØmmervik, ; Sangüesa‐Barreda et al, ; Tømmervik et al, ). In contrast, studies in arctic tundra environments were mainly performed at local scale (López‐Blanco et al, ; Lund et al, ; Olsson, Heliasz, Jin, & Eklundh, ; Wilmking et al, ; Young et al, ). Insect outbreaks are expected to increase in severity and frequency due to anthropogenic climate change (Barrio et al, ; Callaghan et al, ; Chapin, Sturm, & Serreze, ) because insects might benefit from warming and drought events (Huberty & Denno, ; Jactel et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate and carry‐over effects of insect outbreaks on vegetation growth in West Greenland assessed from cells to satellite

Prendin

Carrer

Karami

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Tundra ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, and climate–growth responses of Arctic shrubs are variable and altered by microsite environmental conditions and biotic factors. With warming and drought during the growing season, insect‐driven defoliation is expected to increase in frequency and severity with potential broad‐scale impacts on tundra ecosystem functioning. Here we provide the first broad‐scale reconstruction of spatio‐temporal dynamics of past insect outbreaks by assessing their effects on shrub growth along a typical Greenlandic fjord climate gradient from the inland ice to the sea. Location Nuuk Fjord (64°30′N/51°23′W) and adjacent areas, West Greenland. Taxa Great brocade (Eurois occulta L.) and grey willow (Salix glauca L.). Methods We combined dendro‐anatomical and remote sensing analyses. Time series of ring width (RW) and wood‐anatomical traits were obtained from chronologies of >40 years established from 153 individuals of S. glauca collected at nine sites. We detected anomalies in satellite‐based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) related to defoliation and reconstructed past changes in photosynthetic activity across the region. Results We identified outbreaks as distinctive years with reduced RW, cell‐wall thickness and vessel size, without being directly related to climate but matching with years of parallel reduction in NDVI. The two subsequent years after the defoliation showed a significant increase in RW. The reconstructed spatio‐temporal dynamics of these events indicate substantial regional variation in outbreak intensity linked to the climate variability across the fjord system. Main conclusions Our results highlight the ability of S. glauca to cope with severe insect defoliation by changing carbon investment and xylem conductivity leading to high resilience and rapid recovery after the disturbance. Our multiproxy approach allows us to pinpoint biotic drivers of narrow ring formation and to provide new broad‐scale insight on the C‐budget and vegetation productivity of shrub communities in a widespread arctic ecosystem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Immediate and carry‐over effects of insect outbreaks on vegetation growth in West Greenland assessed from cells to satellite

Prendin

Carrer

Karami

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Formation of xylem tissues and secondary cell walls is diminished by severe and consecutive insect defoliation

Watanabe,

Yamagishi,

Takata

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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PremiseInsect defoliation of trees causes unusual changes to wood anatomy and slows radial growth that decreases tree value; however, the characteristics of these anatomical changes in hardwoods remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy and histochemistry of the wood in trunks of Betula maximowicziana trees after severe insect defoliation.MethodsSecondary xylem tissues were sampled from trunks that had been defoliated by Caligula japonica at Naie and Furano in central Hokkaido during 2006‐2012, then cross‐dated and examined microscopically and stained histochemically to characterize anatomical and chemical changes in the cells.ResultsWhite rings with thin‐walled wood fibers and greatly reduced annual ring width in the subsequent year were observed in samples from both sites. From these results, the year that the white rings formed was determined, and severe defoliation was confirmed to trigger white ring formation. The characteristics may prove useful to detect the formation year of white rings. Scanning electron microscopy and histochemical analyses of the white rings indicated that the thickness of the S2 layer in the wall of wood fiber cells decreased, but xylan and lignin were still deposited in the cell walls of wood fibers. However, the walls of the fibers rethickened after the defoliation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that B. maximowicziana responds to a temporary lack of carbon inputs due to insect defoliation by regulating the thickness of the S2 layer of the cell wall of wood fibers. For B. maximowicziana, insect defoliation late in the growing season has serious deleterious effects on wood formation and radial growth.

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Alpine and Arctic tundra shrub populations show similar ontogenetic growth trends but differing absolute growth rates and lifespan

et al. 2023

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Influence of larval outbreaks on the climate reconstruction potential of an Arctic shrub

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Immediate and carry‐over effects of insect outbreaks on vegetation growth in West Greenland assessed from cells to satellite

Immediate and carry‐over effects of insect outbreaks on vegetation growth in West Greenland assessed from cells to satellite

Formation of xylem tissues and secondary cell walls is diminished by severe and consecutive insect defoliation

Alpine and Arctic tundra shrub populations show similar ontogenetic growth trends but differing absolute growth rates and lifespan

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