Influence of landscape factors and management decisions on spatial and temporal patterns of the transmission of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer

Ruiz, Marilyn O.; Kelly, Amy C.; Brown, William M.; Novakofski, J.; Mateus‐Pinilla, Nohra E.

doi:10.4081/gh.2013.68

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…For example, 140 positive cases were detected over a 7‐year span in the central Appalachian region from samples collected by all methods of surveillance (i.e., hunter harvest, road‐kills, and sharpshooting; Evans et al ). Over a comparable time period using the same methods of surveillance, more than twice and nearly 3 times the number of positives were detected in Wisconsin's disease eradication zone ( n = 316; Grear et al ) and along the Wisconsin‐Illinois border ( n = 382; O' Hara Ruiz et al ), respectively. The lower number of positives in this region of the Northeast (Evans et al ) compared to the agricultural‐forest dominated landscape of the Midwest with comparable sampling efforts would suggest a lower potential for spread of CWD because of greater isolation of deer matriarchal groups in large homogenous forests or the epidemic is in an earlier stage of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat influences distribution of chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer

et al. 2015

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that was first detected in 1967 in a captive research facility in Colorado. In the northeastern United States, CWD was first confirmed in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 2005. Because CWD is a new and emerging disease with a spatial distribution that had yet to be assessed in the Northeast, we examined demographic, environmental, and spatial effects to determine how each related to this spatial distribution. The objectives of our study were to identify environmental and spatial effects that best described the spatial distribution of CWD in free‐ranging white‐tailed deer and identify areas that support deer that are at risk for CWD infection in the Northeast. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling that incorporated demographic covariates, such as sex and age, along with environmental covariates, which included elevation, slope, riparian corridor, percent clay, and 3 landscapes (i.e., developed, forested, open). The model with the most support contained landscape covariates and spatial effects that represented clustering of CWD in adjacent grid cells. Forested landscapes had the strongest relationship with the distribution of CWD, with increased risk of CWD occurring in areas that had lesser amounts of forest. Our results will assist resource managers in understanding the spatial distribution of CWD within the study area, and in surrounding areas where CWD has yet to be found. Efficiency of disease surveillance and containment efforts can be improved by allocating resources used for surveillance in areas with deer populations that are at greatest risk for infection. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat influences distribution of chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer

et al. 2015

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“…The dynamics of disease spread are complex; understanding them involves many areas of research (e.g., biochemistry [47] or landscape variables [48]). We examined the genetic aspects of the spread of CWD, with the goal of contributing insights useful for containing and if possible eliminating (or at least reducing) chronic wasting disease among wild deer populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the geographic distribution of prion protein gene sequence variation on patterns of chronic wasting disease spread in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Brandt

Green

Ishida

et al. 2018

Prion

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Managing and controlling the spread of diseases in wild animal populations is challenging, especially for social and mobile species. Effective management benefits from information about disease susceptibility, allowing limited resources to be focused on areas or populations with a higher risk of infection. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects cervids, was detected in Colorado in the late 1960s. CWD was detected in Illinois and Wisconsin in 2002 and has since spread through many counties. Specific nucleotide variations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence have been associated with reduced susceptibility to CWD in white-tailed deer. Though genetic resistance is incomplete, the frequency of deer possessing these mutations in a population is an important factor in disease spread (i.e. herd immunity). In this study we sequenced 625 bp of the PRNP gene from a sampling of 2433 deer from Illinois and Wisconsin. In north-central Illinois where CWD was first detected, counties had a low frequency of protective haplotypes (frequency <0.20); whereas in northwestern Illinois counties, where CWD cases have only more recently been detected, the frequency of protective haplotypes (frequency >0.30) was much higher (p < 0.05). Protective haplotype frequencies varied significantly among infected and uninfected geographic areas. The frequency of protective PRNP haplotypes may contribute to population level susceptibility and may shape the way CWD has spread through Illinois. Analysis of PRNP haplotype distribution could be a useful tool to assess CWD risk and allocate resources to contain and reduce the spread of infection.

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“…Recent research in Illinois suggested that there was a spatial correlation of CWD risk with alkaline soils, such as those found in the northern part of the state where CWD clusters concentrate. 35 In addition, there was evidence of an association between CWD risk and a lower percentage of clay and a higher percentage of sand in soils. The analysis by Ruiz et al 35 was carried out at a spatial scale based on geographic units of one square mile, thus making direct comparison difficult with the current study carried out at the level of the county.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 In addition, there was evidence of an association between CWD risk and a lower percentage of clay and a higher percentage of sand in soils. The analysis by Ruiz et al 35 was carried out at a spatial scale based on geographic units of one square mile, thus making direct comparison difficult with the current study carried out at the level of the county. The collection of field samples and more precise measures of soil ingestion by deer in this region would help to better elucidate the relationship between metals, soils and CWD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Other factors such as age, genotype, type of tissue, geographic location and home range could influence metal concentrations, and may explain differences between infected and non-infected animals, and between species. 23,28,30,34,35 For instance, Rocky mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with 2 copies of methionine at PrP codon 132 (132MM) accumulated higher levels of Mg in the brain than elk with leucine at codon 132. In contrast, PRNP genotype did not influence blood levels of Cu, Fe, Mn or Mg in sheep, 23 indicating that the effects of genotype are species-specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metals in obex and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of Illinois white-tailed deer and their variations associated with CWD status

Rivera

Novakofski

Weng

et al. 2015

Prion

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ABSTRACT. Prion proteins (PrP C ) are cell membrane glycoproteins that can be found in many cell types, but specially in neurons. Many studies have suggested PrP C 's participation in metal transport and cellular protection against stress in the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand PrP Sc , the misfolded isoform of PrP C and the pathogenic agent in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), has been associated with brain metal dyshomeostasis in prion diseases. Thus, changes in metal concentration associated with protein misfolding and aggregation have been reported for human and animal prion diseases, as well as for other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The use of metal concentrations in tissues as surrogate markers for early detection of TSEs has been suggested. Studies on the accumulation of metals in free-ranging white-tailed deer have not been conducted. This study established concentrations of copper, iron, manganese, and magnesium in 2 diagnostic tissues used for CWD testing (obex and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN)). We compared these concentrations between tissues and in relation to CWD status. We established reference intervals (RIs) for these metals and explored their ability to discriminate between CWD-positive and CWD-negative animals. Our results indicate that independent of CWD status, white-tailed deer accumulate higher concentrations of Fe, Mn and Mg in Ó Nelda A Rivera, Jan Novakofski, Hsin-Yi Weng, Amy Kelly, Damian Satterthwaite-Phillips, Marilyn O Ruiz, and Nohra Mateus-Pinilla *Correspondence to: Nohra Mateus-Pinilla; Email:nohram@illinois.edu Received November 21, 2014; Revised January 25, 2015; Accepted February 9, 2015. Color versions of one or more figures in this article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/kprn. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted. ISSN: 1933-6896 print / 1933-690X online DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015 RLN than in obex. White-tailed deer infected with CWD accumulated significantly lower concentrations of Mn and Fe than CWD-negative deer. These patterns differed from other species infected with prion diseases. Overlapping values between CWD positive and negative groups indicate that evaluation of these metals in obex and RLN may not be appropriate as a diagnostic tool for CWD infection in white-tailed deer. Because the CWD-negative deer were included in constructing the RIs, high specificities were expected and should be interpreted with caution. Due to the low sensitivity derived from the RIs, we do not recommend using metal concentrations for disease discrimination.Prion, 9:48-58, 2015 Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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Influence of landscape factors and management decisions on spatial and temporal patterns of the transmission of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Habitat influences distribution of chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer

Habitat influences distribution of chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer

Influence of the geographic distribution of prion protein gene sequence variation on patterns of chronic wasting disease spread in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Metals in obex and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of Illinois white-tailed deer and their variations associated with CWD status

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