Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere

Comparing Ionospheric MUF using IRI16 Model with Mid-Latitude Ionosonde Observations and Associated with Strong Geomagnetic Storms

“…Najat, in 2009, compared some observed ionospheric parameters with the predicted values obtained from the international reference ionosphere (IRI) model for Japan's mid-latitudes region and reported no correlation relations [15]. Kotova et al, in 2016, studied the ionospheric variation with space weather changes and found an influence of stratosphere heating on the radio wave propagation, leading to attenuation in the HF signal in the daytime for the ionospheric equator region [16]. An international project by the committee on space research (COSPAR) was released to develop the IRI model and the results were published by reports of Adeniyi [17], Bilitza and Reinisch [18], and Krasheninnikov and Egorov [19].…”