Abstract:Fasting hyperglycemia is often observed in the older adult population, showing that after the age of 50, fasting blood glucose levels increase by 0.06 mmol/decade. Therefore, many authors embrace the hypothesis that with aging and progressive fasting blood sugar disorders can lead to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.1 Fasting hyperglycemia (100-125 mg/dl or 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is defined as an intermediate state type 2 diabetes and normal levels. Older people are often faced with limitations when it come… Show more
“…Chiappa et al [27] demonstrated positive effects of IMT on blood flow in lower limbs and, thus, improvement in their function. Similar results were obtained by Silva et al [28], who performed IMT in elderly patients with insulin resistance.…”
Background
Respiratory therapy is an integral part of treatment of cardiac patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to second-stage cardiac rehabilitation on exercise tolerance and function of lower extremities in patients following myocardial infarction (MI).
Material/Methods
This study included 90 patients (mean age 65 years) with MI who took part in the second stage of an 8-week cycle of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). They were divided into 3 groups: group I underwent CR and IMT, group II only underwent CR, and group III only underwent IMT. Groups I and II were allocated randomly according sealed opaque envelopes. The third group consisted of patients who could not participate in standard rehabilitation for various reasons. Before and after the 8-week program, participants were assessed for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (PImax and PEmax) values, exercise tolerance, and knee muscle strength.
Results
In groups I and II, a significant increase in the PImax parameters and exercise tolerance parameters (MET) were observed. Group I had increased PEmax parameters. In group III, the same changes in the parameter values that reflect respiratory muscle function were observed. All of the examined strength parameters of the knee joint muscles demonstrated improvement in all of the investigated groups, but the biggest differences were observed in group I.
Conclusions
Use of IMT in the ambulatory rehabilitation program of MI patients resulted in improved rehabilitation efficacy, leading to a significant improvement in physical condition.
“…Chiappa et al [27] demonstrated positive effects of IMT on blood flow in lower limbs and, thus, improvement in their function. Similar results were obtained by Silva et al [28], who performed IMT in elderly patients with insulin resistance.…”
Background
Respiratory therapy is an integral part of treatment of cardiac patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to second-stage cardiac rehabilitation on exercise tolerance and function of lower extremities in patients following myocardial infarction (MI).
Material/Methods
This study included 90 patients (mean age 65 years) with MI who took part in the second stage of an 8-week cycle of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). They were divided into 3 groups: group I underwent CR and IMT, group II only underwent CR, and group III only underwent IMT. Groups I and II were allocated randomly according sealed opaque envelopes. The third group consisted of patients who could not participate in standard rehabilitation for various reasons. Before and after the 8-week program, participants were assessed for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (PImax and PEmax) values, exercise tolerance, and knee muscle strength.
Results
In groups I and II, a significant increase in the PImax parameters and exercise tolerance parameters (MET) were observed. Group I had increased PEmax parameters. In group III, the same changes in the parameter values that reflect respiratory muscle function were observed. All of the examined strength parameters of the knee joint muscles demonstrated improvement in all of the investigated groups, but the biggest differences were observed in group I.
Conclusions
Use of IMT in the ambulatory rehabilitation program of MI patients resulted in improved rehabilitation efficacy, leading to a significant improvement in physical condition.
“…133 ± 65 mg/dl). Two studies reported significant reductions in blood glucose after inspiratory muscle training in patients with insulin resistance [31] and with fasting hyperglycaemia [33]. The exercise intensity and volume in these studies were higher than in our study.…”
Introduction. Physical exercises improve quality of life in type 2 diabetes. inspiratory muscle exercises may be an alternative option for diabetic patients with physical disabilities unable to engage in physical exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle exercises on physical and mental health dimensions of the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods. overall, 26 women with type 2 diabetes were allocated to the control (n = 14) or study group (n = 12). They were obese, aged 30-55 years, receiving oral hypoglycaemic medications. The inspiratory loaded exercise target intensity was 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure; sessions lasting 15-25 min were held on 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Quality of life was assessed as a primary outcome with the SF-12 questionnaire. Fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were measured as secondary outcomes. Results. Compared with the control group, significant improvements were observed in the study group after the intervention in all SF-12 physical health domains and in SF-12 role emotional and social functioning mental health domains. in addition, fasting blood glucose was reduced from 134 ± 40 to 126.8 ± 51 mg/dl, which was a non-statistically but clinically significant change. Conclusions. Low-intensity inspiratory loaded exercises could be viewed as a successful alternative to physical exercises in improving physical quality of life in type 2 diabetic women. Health professionals interested in exercise therapy for type 2 diabetes may consider our findings.
“… 41 In another study by Silva et al. , 21 IMT induced a reduction in fasting glucose levels and improved the secretory capacity of pancreatic cells. These findings are at variance with the study by Ahmad et al.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…17 Since there is a relationship between the cardiopulmonary function and functional capacity as well as glycemic levels in patients with T2DM, any intervention that affects the respiratory function may in turn affect the other parameters. 20 , 21 This study was therefore designed to determine the effects of IS on selected cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM and the correlation between pulmonary function and functional capacity, duration of the disease (DOD) and glycemic control.…”
Background: Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer cardiopulmonary impairment and may present with weakness of the inspiratory muscles. This study was designed to determine the effects of incentive spirometry (IS) on selected cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: Fifty-nine participants (25 males and 34 females) recruited from the out-patient clinic of the Department of Medicine of two hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria, who were randomly assigned into two groups, completed the study. In addition to the medical management of T2DM, IS group received incentive spirometry while control group continued with the medical management of T2DM alone. Selected cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, functional capacity (using 6-min walk test) and fasting blood glucose level were assessed at baseline and at the end of eight weeks intervention period. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 21). Level of significance was set at [Formula: see text]. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in all the cardiovascular parameters ([Formula: see text]) of IS group except systolic blood pressure. There were significant changes in all the pulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control ([Formula: see text]) of IS group while there was none in control group. There were significant differences between the mean changes of various selected outcome measures of the two groups ([Formula: see text]) except for diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose level. Conclusion: IS had positive effects in improving cardiopulmonary function, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.
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