Influence of in ovo threonine on growth performance, immunocompetence and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo threonine (Thr) injection on 18th embryonation day at the broad end of the egg using 24G needle on growth performance, organs development, immunocompetence and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Fertile eggs (n=500) were randomly distributed to 5 groups, viz. (i) uninjected control, sham control (0.5 mL sterile water), Thr @15 mg/egg, Thr @30 mg/egg, and Thr @45 mg/egg. Hatchability was better in chicks treated with 45 mg Thr/egg compared to other Thr-injected groups. In ovo Thr injection had quadratic effect on weight gain (WG) and production index at the 2nd and 3rd weeks. Chicks fed 45 mg Thr/egg had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 2nd week compared to other groups while feed intake (FI) was not affected. Thr injected chicks had higher thymus weight (d0), bursa weight (d3), spleen weight (d3 and d7) whereas quadratic effect were observed on weights of bursa, thymus and spleen at d21. In ovo Thr administration improved (group-wise, linear or quadratic) the relative weights of gizzard, intestine, and liver at hatch, proventriculus at d7, as well as intestine and liver at d21. No significant difference was recorded for humoral and cell mediated immune response following in ovo Thr injection. Carcass traits of broiler chickens were not influenced by in ovo Thr administration, except breast meat which slightly differs, among the treatment groups. The results of this study suggested that in ovo Thr can improve growth performance, digestive and immune organs development at the early age.

Effect of in ovo feeding of different level of vitamin B complex (B1, B2 and B12 ) on Hatchability, Production Performance, Carcass Characteristic, Blood Biochemical and Muscle Antioxidant of Broiler Chickens

“…When compared to the control group, the reduction was more pronounced for T3 and T5, with 19% reductions, followed by T4 with 10% reductions. This finding was similar to that of Akshat et al [24], who discovered that eggs injected with vitamin B2 had lower hatchability than un-injected control eggs. Also, adding vitamin B6 in the early embryonic stage resulted in embryonic growth retardation, resulting in death and, eventually, poor hatchability .On the other hand, Ibrahim et al [25], discovered that in ovo feeding on the 18th day of incubation had no effect on hatchability .However, Uni & Ferket [26] discovered that in ovo feeding on the 18 th day of incubation had no effect on hatchability.…”

“…This result was in agreement with those of Babak et al [29] ,They found that broilers' TP and albumin levels increased significantly (P<0.05) when vitamin B12 was administered into eggs in ovo on day 42 after hatching. The blood protein level was higher (P<0.05)following vitamin B2 and B6 treatment, according to Akshat et al [24], who reported the same outcome. T1: control group, T2: eggs were injected with 0.5 mL distilled water, T3: eggs were injected with 100 mg/egg vitamin Bcx, T4: eggs were injected with 200 mg/egg vitamin Bcx, and T5: eggs were injected with 300 mg/egg vitamin Bcx.…”

“…Our results agreed with those of Bhanja et al [28],who found no significant effect on LBW at 14 days of age after injecting broiler eggs with vitamin B6 (100 g/egg) dissolved in 0.5 ml of sterile water and found no statistically significant effect on LBW at 14 days of age. In contrast, Akshat et al [24] discovered that injecting vitamin B12 into incubated eggs on the first day of incubation resulted in greater live body weight and body weight gain of hatched ducklings during the growing period (0-8 weeks) than the control group (non-injected) During weeks 4 and 5, feed intake of T5 decreased significantly more than T4, but vitamin B had no effect on feed intake in any group. T1: control group, T2: eggs were injected with 0.5 mL distilled water, T3: eggs were injected with 100 mg/egg vitamin Bcx, T4: eggs were injected with 200 mg/egg vitamin Bcx, and T5: eggs were injected with 300 mg/egg vitamin Bcx.…”