Influence of Implant Material and Surface on Differentiation and Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells

Abstract

For the guided regeneration of periimplant hard and soft tissues, human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) seem to be a promising source for mesenchymal stromal cells. For this, the proliferation and differentiation of hADSC were evaluated on titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Results were compared to edaphic cells as human osteoblasts (hOB) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Primary cells were cultured on (1) titanium implants with a polished surface (Ti-PT), (2) sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (Ti-SLA), (3) sandblasted and alkaline etched zirconia (ZrO2-ZLA) and (4) machined zirconia (ZrO2-M). The cell proliferation and differentiation on osteogenic lineage were assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and a modified Levene test with a statistical significance at p = 0.05. PostHoc tests were performed by Bonferroni-Holm. Zirconia dental implants with rough surface (ZrO2-ZLA) showed the highest proliferation rates (p = 0.048). The osteogenic differentiation occurred early for zirconia and later for titanium implants, and it was enhanced for rough surfaces in comparison to polished/machined surfaces. Zirconia was more effective to promote the proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs in comparison to titanium. Rough surfaces were able to improve the biological response for both zirconia and titanium.

Influence of Implant Material and Surface on Mode and Strength of Cell/Matrix Attachment of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Cell

“…It seems that the expression of FAK is upregulated during osteo-specific differentiations, and it regulates the synthesis of osteo-specific proteins [24,26]. This correlates with hints for a beginning osteogenic differentiation of hADSC cells and an increased expression of osteo-specific proteins [8].…”

“…The behaviour of hADSCs, a promising cell source for guided oral tissue regeneration, and edaphic cells, as hOB and HGF, on titanium and zirconium dioxide with smooth and rough surface textures were systematically analysed. Previously, we demonstrated that the cell viability and proliferation rate were neither disturbed by titanium nor zirconium dioxide [8]. Observed cytotoxic effects were insignificant.…”

“…Previously, a loss in the stem cell potential and a beginning transdifferentiation in osteoblast-like cells were observed in hADSCs. This was induced by implant material and surface texture alone [8].…”

“…Isolation and culture techniques of human primary cell cultures were described before [8,34]. Additionally, as the main cell culture [8].…”

“…For instance, human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) can be differentiated in multiple lineages as adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic cells [6,7]. Our research group previously showed how titanium and zirconia dental implants stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs [8].…”