Influence of imperfections on the load capacity and stiffness of glued-in rod connections

Ratsch, N.; Böhm, Stefan; Voß, Morten; Kaufmann, Marvin; Vallée, Till

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.278

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Three main reinforcing techniques are discussed in this paper: the near-surface mounted (NSM), the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), and the glued-in rods (GiR) technique, See Figure 1. [58], (b) Externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), e.g., at [30], (c) Glued-in-rods (GiR), e.g., at [59].…”

Section: Cfrp Strengthening Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Timber Structural Members with CFRP and GFRP: A State-of-the-Art Review

Saad

Lengyel

2022

Polymers

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The application of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) for strengthening timber structures has proven its efficiency in enhancing load-bearing capacity and, in some cases, the stiffness of structural elements, thus providing cost-effective and competitive alternatives both in new design and retrofitting existing historical buildings. Over the last few decades, several reinforcing materials and techniques evolved, and considerable progress was made in numerical modelling, especially using the finite element method. As this field of research has become extensive and diversified, as well as numerous contradicting results have emerged, a thorough review is necessary. This manuscript covers the topics of historical preliminaries, reinforcing with carbon and glass fibre composites, bond characteristics, main reinforcing techniques, modelling of knots, and the effects of the fibre waviness on the composite behaviour. A detailed overview is given on the experimental and numerical investigation of mechanics of strengthened beams. A one-of-a-kind table that compares the stiffness improvement observed in several studies with analytical estimates. Attention is drawn to a number of challenges that have arisen, e.g., the moderate stiffness enhancement, composite-to-wood interface, modelling of knots, and strengthening of defected timber members. This paper can be used as a starting point for future research and engineering projects.

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Section: Cfrp Strengthening Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Timber Structural Members with CFRP and GFRP: A State-of-the-Art Review

Saad

Lengyel

2022

Polymers

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“…Hierzu fasst eine Reihe von Übersichtsartikeln [7, 10–12] den aktuellen Konsens über den Stand der Technik zusammen. In diesen Studien werden neben der Berücksichtigung von Laborbedingungen auch Aspekte wie das Verhalten unter Temperatur [13, 14], Ermüdung [15–18], Kriechen [19], verschiedene Umweltbedingungen [20] oder Defekte [21–23] untersucht.…”

Section: Stand Der Technikunclassified

Einkleben von Gewindestangen in Laubholz bei niedrigen Temperaturen

et al. 2020

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Eingeklebte Gewindestangen sind ein aus dem Holzbau nicht mehr wegzudenkender Anschlusstyp. Aktuell werden hierzu 2K‐Epoxide (EPX) und Polyurethane (PUR) verwendet. Diese haben jedoch zwei wesentliche Nachteile: Der Prozess der Aushärtung erstreckt sich, je nach Klebstoffsystem, über mehrere h bis hin zu 10 d. Zum anderen benötigen die zugelassenen Klebstoffe eine Mindestaushärtetemperatur von 18 °C. Beide Nachteile behindern den Einsatz geklebter Gewindestangen, insbesondere auf der Baustelle. In diesem Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Schnellhärtbarkeit von 2K‐EPX und 2K‐PUR im Holzbau vorgestellt. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen konnte eine generelle Machbarkeit der Schnellhärtung mittels Induktion im Bereich eingeklebte Gewindestangen im Holzbau unter Normklima (+23 °C, 50 % rel. LF) nachgewiesen werden. Diese Arbeit stellt Ergebnisse zur Schnellhärtbarkeit im Niedrigtemperaturbereich (+5 °C und –10 °C) vor und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit Referenzproben, die bei +23 °C Raumtemperatur geklebt und ausgehärtet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem 2K‐EPX auch unter niedrigen Temperaturen schnell ausgehärtet werden können, jedoch gleichzeitig, welchen Einfluss die Schnellhärtung auf die Festigkeit des geklebten Verbunds ausübt.

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“…While in practice a single GiR connection is seldom used, previous research mostly focused on single rod configurations to isolate the effects of these parameters on the joint performance. In examining these parameters, previous studies focused on solid structural timber [11,12], Glue-laminated Timber (Glulam) [13,14], Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) [15], and more recently CLT [16,17].…”

Section: Glued-in Rod Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, to achieve the optimum performance of GiR joint, quality control must be ensured when positioning the rod in timber [41] and flaws such as off-centre position, voids in the glue line, undesired slanting of the drilled hole, inclined positioning of rod and incomplete insertion of the rod should be avoided. To avoid eccentricities, several devices such as plastic or metal rings, toothpicks [9,13], spacers [14], a countersink hole [54] have been used. Rod contamination with dirt, oil, or rust may affect the performance of GiR connection and should also be avoided [14,55,56].…”

Section: Manufacturing Of Girmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of glued-in-rod connections in cross-laminated timber

Gbenga¹

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The widespread availability of Cross-laminated timber (CLT) provides opportunities to extend the use of wood beyond traditional low-rise residential construction. Glued-in rods (GiR) are an interesting technical solution for numerous structural applications in timber engineering. Although GiR connections have the potential to be used in combination with CLT, research on this application is scarce. In this thesis, an experimental investigation on the performance of GiR in CLT is presented. Two different 5-ply CLT panel thicknesses (139 and 175 mm), two steel rod diameters (d = 12.7 and 19.1 mm) and five different anchorage lengths (la = 6d, 10d, 12d, 14d and 18d) were considered in single and multiple rod connections. A total of 260 specimens were fabricated and subsequently tested under uni-axial quasi-static monotonic tension. The results were assessed in terms of load-carrying capacity, stiffness and failure modes and demonstrated that GiR in CLT offer an alternative high capacity timber connection.

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Influence of imperfections on the load capacity and stiffness of glued-in rod connections

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Strengthening Timber Structural Members with CFRP and GFRP: A State-of-the-Art Review

Strengthening Timber Structural Members with CFRP and GFRP: A State-of-the-Art Review

Einkleben von Gewindestangen in Laubholz bei niedrigen Temperaturen

Performance of glued-in-rod connections in cross-laminated timber

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