Influence of Bifidobacterium bifidum on Release of Minerals from Bread with Differing Bran Content

Abstract

Bread is considered an important source of minerals; however, the presence of fiber and phytic acid reduces bioavailability of minerals from cereal products. It is well established that activity of microorganisms in human gut increases the amount of nutrients released during digestion. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Bifidobacterium bifidum on release of some minerals from bread using an in vitro process of enzymatic digestion. White bread and with addition of 15, 30, or 45% of bran was baked in a bakery by traditional methods, with addition of yeasts and rye leaven, from flour made of wheat, Tonacja variety. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Bread was enzymatically digested in vitro without and with the addition of Bifidobacterium bifidum KD6 (inoculum 10(6) CFU/cm(3)) and percentages of minerals released were determined. The concentration of minerals released during enzymatic digestion varied depending upon the element, quantity of bran, and presence of bacteria. Increase in bran content decreased release of elements. Bifidobacterium bifidum KD6 enhanced amounts of magnesium and zinc released from all types of bread, while manganese and copper rose only from white bread with 15% bran addition. Bacteria decreased amounts of calcium and iron released from bread. Data indicate that diets rich in beneficial bacteria (probiotics) but not balanced with minerals might increase mineral deficiency.

Eating glutinous brown rice twice a day for 8 weeks improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus

“…Bran also contains some substances, such as magnesium and γ-oryzanol, that may improve glycemic control. 12, 13 Insufficient dietary intake of magnesium may contribute to exacerbation of insulin resistance due to inhibition of the autophosphorylation of insulin receptors. 14, 15 One pack of GBR (113 g) contains 72.5 mg of magnesium, while the same amount of WR only contains 2.3 mg. Bran is also rich in γ-oryzanol.…”

New Perspectives for in Vitro Risk Assessment of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Application of Coculture and Bioinformatics

“…In a recent genome-wide expression analysis of mouse lungs exposed to MWCNT, gene signatures were identified to predict lung cancer risk and progression in human patient samples (Guo et al, 2012). This study estimated the health hazards of MWCNT exposures by comparing the similarity between MWCNT-induced gene alterations and gene expression profiles in patient samples.…”

“…This study estimated the health hazards of MWCNT exposures by comparing the similarity between MWCNT-induced gene alterations and gene expression profiles in patient samples. Lung adenocarcinoma patients having more similar gene expression patterns to that in the MWCNT-treated mice were found to have more aggressive tumors with a poor clinical outcome, whereas patient tumors showing a less similar gene expression pattern to that in the MWCNT-treated mice had less metastatic potential with a relatively better clinical outcome (Guo et al, 2012). These MWCNT-induced gene signatures were also shown to be associated with increased risk for developing lung cancer using animal and human patient data (Guo et al, 2012).…”

“…Lung adenocarcinoma patients having more similar gene expression patterns to that in the MWCNT-treated mice were found to have more aggressive tumors with a poor clinical outcome, whereas patient tumors showing a less similar gene expression pattern to that in the MWCNT-treated mice had less metastatic potential with a relatively better clinical outcome (Guo et al, 2012). These MWCNT-induced gene signatures were also shown to be associated with increased risk for developing lung cancer using animal and human patient data (Guo et al, 2012). The microarray results were confirmed in qRT-PCR analysis of a set of previously identified lung cancer biomarkers and related signaling pathway genes (Guo et al, 2008; Pacurari et al, 2011; Wan et al, 2010).…”

“…In the study by Guo et al (2012), lung tissue specimens were collected from mice exposed to MWCNT from 1 to 56 days post-exposure, which was not sufficient time for mice to develop lung cancer. However, in vivo animal model-generated gene profiling revealed information that approximated the complexity of the human body and its cellular, biochemical, and molecular systems that are involved in responses to chemical agents.…”