Influence of Hydrology, Soil Properties, and Agricultural Land Use on Nitrogen in Groundwater

Knox, Ellis G.; Moody, D.W.

doi:10.2136/1991.managingnitrogen.c3

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Because of their sandy nature, these soil types have low water-holding capacities, low organic matter contents (within the root depth), and low nutrient retention capacities. Therefore, excessive irrigation and/or N application rates with intense rain events could significantly increase the potential risk of N leaching in these soils (Knox and Moody, 1991;McNeal et al, 1995). Similarly, the N source and rate of application, crop removal capacity, and water displacement below the active root zone could have significant roles in N leaching (Zotarelli et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

Ayankojo¹,

Morgan²,

Kadyampakeni³

et al. 2020

horts

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Effective nutrient and irrigation management practices are critical for optimum growth and yield in open-field fresh-market tomato production. Although nutrient and irrigation management practices have been well-studied for tomato production in Florida, more studies of the current highly efficient production systems would be considered essential. Therefore, a two-season (Fall 2016 and Spring 2017) study was conducted in Immokalee, FL, to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rates under different irrigation regimes and to determine the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production. To evaluate productivity, the study investigated the effects of N rates and irrigation regimes on plant and root growth, yield, and production efficiency of fresh-market tomato. The study demonstrated that deficit irrigation (DI) targeting 66% daily evapotranspiration (ET) replacement significantly increased tomato root growth compared with full irrigation (FI) at 100% ET. Similarly, DI application increased tomato growth early in the season compared with FI. Therefore, irrigation applications may be adjusted downward from FI, especially early during a wet season, thereby potentially improving irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) and reducing leaching potential of Florida sandy soils. However, total marketable yield significantly increased under FI compared with DI. This suggests that although DI may increase early plant growth, the application of DI throughout the season may result in yield reduction. Although N application rates had no significant effects on biomass production, tomato marketable yield with an application rate of 134 kg·ha−1 N was significantly lower compared with other N application rates (179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1). It was also observed that there were no significant yield benefits with N application rates higher than 179 kg·ha−1. During the fall, iWUE was higher under DI (33.57 kg·m−3) than under FI (25.57 kg·m−3); however, iWUE was similar for both irrigation treatments during spring (FI = 14.04 kg·m−3; DI = 15.29 kg·m−3). The N recovery (REC-N) rate was highest with 134 kg·ha−1 N; however, REC-N was similar with 179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1 N rates during both fall and spring. Therefore, these study results could suggest that DI could be beneficial to tomato production only when applied during early growth stages, but not throughout the growing season. Both yield and efficiency results indicated that the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production in Florida may not exceed 179 kg·ha−1 N.

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Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

Ayankojo¹,

Morgan²,

Kadyampakeni³

et al. 2020

horts

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“…This is because in sandy soils, nitrate (NO 3 --N) moves with the wetting front; thus, N leaching is intrinsically linked with the soil water dynamics (Zotarelli et al, 2007). Therefore, excessive irrigation and/or N application rate on sandy soils could greatly increase the potential risk of N leaching (Knox and Moody, 1991;McNeal et al, 1995). The problems associated with NO 3 --N leaching could be significant on sandy soils because of greater water infiltration rate and lower NO 3 --N retention capacity (Sainju et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Real-time Location-specific Drip Irrigation Scheduling on Water Use, Plant Growth, Nutrient Accumulation, and Yield of Florida Fresh-market Tomato

Ayankojo¹,

Morgan²,

Ozores-Hampton³

et al. 2018

horts

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Florida is the largest fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)–producing state in the United States. Although vegetable production requires frequent water supply throughout the crop production cycle to produce maximum yield and ensure high-quality produce, overirrigation can reduce crop yield and increase negative environmental consequences. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare irrigation schedules by a real-time and location-specific evapotranspiration (ET)-based SmartIrrigation Vegetable App (SI) with a historic ET-based schedule (HI). A field study was conducted on drip-irrigated, fresh-market tomato during the Fall of 2015 and Spring of 2016 on a Florida sandy soil. The two scheduling methods (SI and HI) were evaluated for irrigation water application, plant biomass accumulation, nutrient uptake and partitioning, and yield in open-field tomato production. Treatments included 100% HI (T1); 66% SI (T2); 100% SI (T3); and 150% SI (T4). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates per treatment during the two production seasons. In both seasons, depth of irrigation water applied increased in the order of T2 < T3 < T1 < T4. Total water savings was greater for T3 schedule compared with T1 schedule at 22% and 16% for fall and spring seasons, respectively. No differences were observed among treatments for tomato biomass accumulation at all sampling periods during both seasons. However, T3 resulted in significantly greater total marketable yield compared with other treatments in both seasons. The impact of irrigation application rate was greater in fruit and leaf nitrogen accumulation compared with that of stem and root biomass. Based on the plant performance and water savings, this study concludes that under a sandy soil condition, a real-time location-specific irrigation scheduler improves irrigation scheduling accuracy in relation to actual crop water requirement in open-field tomato production.

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“…Peterson, Davis, & Orndorff, 2000;Eric W Peterson, Davis, Brahana, & Orndorff, 2002;Eric W. Peterson, Davis, & Brahana, 2000;Wicks, Kelley, & Peterson, 2004), with agrichemicals from crop productions (Panno, Kelly, Weibel, Krapac, & Sargent, 2003), and with chemicals that are dumped or spilled on the ground (White, 1988) is common. Within the Appalachian Region, nitrate contamination is common as a result of the rapid interaction between surface water and the ground water and of the high proportion of landuse devoted to agriculture (Boyer & Pasquarell, 1995;Kastrinos & White, 1986;Knox & Moody, 1991) Identifying karst areas that are not impacted by anthropogenic effects and are relatively pristine is difficult, but background levels of solutes have been calculated. From their work examining seasonal trends in nitrate concentrations in karst systems of Pennsylvania, Kastrinos and White (1986) extrapolated their data to calculate a background level of nitrate for the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrates in karst systems: a comparison of a relatively unimpacted system to impacted systems

Angel¹,

Peterson²

2015

JGG

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Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination because of the connection with surface water. Nitrate contamination is common; with most karst aquifers exhibiting some degree of impact. This work assesses the potential impacts of anthropogenic activities on the Horn Hollow Valley (HHV) in Carter County Kentucky. HHV is a karst aquifer system that appears to be minimally impacted by nitrate and chloride contamination. Sampling of the HHV area was conducted from June 2005 to November 2006. Nitrate as nitrogen (NO 3-N) concentrations were between 0.13 to 1.54 mg/L; chloride concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 66.3 mg/L. Impact from anthropogenic sources are observed at 1 mg/L for NO 3-N and 13 mg/L for chloride. Sources of nitrate are primarily soil organic matter and mineralized fertilizers. In addition to mineralized fertilizers, chloride appears to be contributed from road salts. Compared to waters from three other systems: the Mammoth Cave area, the southwestern Illinois sinkhole plain, and the Missouri Ozarks-Salem Plateau; waters from HHV exhibited lower concentrations of both NO 3-N and chloride. Waters from Mammoth Cave and the Missouri Ozarks tended to have higher NO 3-N concentrations and similar chloride concentrations. Waters from southwestern Illinois had higher NO 3-N concentrations and chloride concentrations. Overall, the karst aquifer of HHV appears to be a relatively pristine system, with minor human impacts.

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Influence of Hydrology, Soil Properties, and Agricultural Land Use on Nitrogen in Groundwater

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

Effects of Real-time Location-specific Drip Irrigation Scheduling on Water Use, Plant Growth, Nutrient Accumulation, and Yield of Florida Fresh-market Tomato

Nitrates in karst systems: a comparison of a relatively unimpacted system to impacted systems

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