Influence of human milk oligosaccharides on adherence of bifidobacteria and clostridia to cell lines

Abstract

Adhesion of gut bacteria to the intestinal epithelium is the first step in their colonization of the neonatal immature gut. Bacterial colonization of the infant gut is influenced by several factors, of which the most important are the mode of delivery and breast-feeding. Breast-fed infants ingest several grams of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) per day, which can become receptor decoys for intestinal bacteria. The most abundant intestinal bacteria in vaginally delivered infants are bifidobacteria, whereas infants born by cesarean section are colonized by clostridia. The influence of HMOs on the adhesion of five strains of intestinal bacteria (three bifidobacterial strains and two clostridial strains) to mucus-secreting and non-mucus-secreting human epithelial cells was investigated. Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 and Bifidobacterium longum displayed almost the same level of adhesion in the presence and absence of HMOs. By contrast, adhesion of Clostridium butyricum 1 and 2 decreased from 14.41% to 6.72% and from 41.54% to 30.91%, respectively, in the presence of HMOs. The results of this study indicate that HMOs affect bacterial adhesion and are an important factor influencing bacterial colonization of the gut. Adhesion of the tested bacteria correlates with their ability to autoaggregate.

In Love with Shaping You—Influential Factors on the Breast Milk Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Decisive Roles for Neonatal Development

“…On the other hand, SCFAs are toxic to several detrimental bacteria in their nonionized form prevalent at low pH [208]. This HMO-mediated competitive exclusion of pathogens is even further promoted by milk oligosaccharides such as 3 SL and 6 SL that induce a transcriptomic and physiological response of some bifidobacterial strains for a physical contact with intestinal cells [209][210][211][212]. At this interface, commensals directly influence intestinal function and shape the architecture of the gastrointestinal immune system [211] by stimulating the maintenance of the sterile mucus layer [213], immunomodulatory cytokines, the epithelial secretion of antimicrobial peptides and the gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue [138].…”

2′‐Fucosyllactose promotes Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 to repair LPS‐induced damage in Caco‐2 cells

“…Subsequent adhesion experiments showed that treatment with 2′‐FL significantly increased the adhesion efficiency of KLDS 8001 to Caco‐2 cells. Similarly, Musilova et al found that adding the HMOs to Bifidobacterium infantis boosted its self‐agglutination coefficient and promoted adherence to Caco‐2 cells (Musilova et al., 2017). Krausova et al.…”

Identification of Synbiotics Conducive to Probiotics Adherence to Intestinal Mucosa Using an In Vitro Caco-2 and HT29-MTX Cell Model

“…Nevertheless, the effect of HMOs on the adhesion of beneficial bacteria is poorly characterized. Musilova et al [40] found that the adherence of one of the three bifidobacteria strains tested was strongly sensitive to HMOs, as were both tested strains of clostridia. Consistent with these observations, we found that HMOs interfered-to some extent-with adherence in all eight strains tested, and to a significant extent in three.…”