2′‐Fucosyllactose promotes Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 to repair LPS‐induced damage in Caco‐2 cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2'‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL) on the repair of monolayer barrier damage in Caco‐2 cells by Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 (KLDS 8001). The results showed that the addition of 2′‐FL not only promoted the adhesion ability of KLDS 8001 to Caco‐2 cells but also improved the anti‐adhesive effect of pathogenic bacteria. Compared with 2′‐FL or KLDS 8001 alone, 2′‐FL+KLDS 8001 significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) production. In addition, 2′‐FL effectively promoted the transmembrane electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, and cellular permeability of KLDS 8001 repaired damaged cells with dose‐dependent properties. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), Occludin, and Claudin‐1 were also upregulated in the KLDS 8001 and 2′‐FL co‐treated treatment group. It was speculated that 2′‐FL could effectively regulate the interaction between KLDS 8001 and intestinal epithelial cells to play a role in maintaining intestinal barrier function and avoiding pathogenic bacteria invasion. Practical applications As the most widely used human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 2′‐FL is vital for maintaining infant intestinal health. Our study found that the addition of 2′‐FL promoted KLDS 8001 adhesion, anti‐adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, anti‐inflammatory capacity, repair of barrier damage, and tight junction protein expression, providing a new strategy to protect infant intestinal health and prevent various intestinal diseases.

The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Liver Steatosis, ER Stress and Insulin Resistance by Reducing Hepatic Diacylglycerols and Improved Gut Permeability in Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice

“…Intrinsic to the set-up of the study, using 1oral administration of 2 -FL, we cannot distinguish whether the effects on liver or gut are direct, e.g., via 2 -FL itself or metabolites formed from 2 -FL, or more indirect, i.e., mediated via other metabolites that do not directly stem from 2 -FL but are produced by the altered microbiota as a whole. Consequently, the study design does also not allow investigation of the exact molecular mechanisms that mediate gut permeability effects, but this has been studied by others: 2 -FL directly increased expression of tight junction expression proteins, involved in the regulation of gut barrier integrity, in LPS-treated Caco2 cells (49) and directly diminished LPS-induced inflammation in human enterocytes (50) and Caco2 cells (49). Indirect effects of 2 -FL have been demonstrated by using 2 -FL derived bacterial metabolites, which attenuated paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran's in Caco2 monolayers and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in a gut-on-a-chip model generated from human gut tissue biopsies (51).…”

Bacillus halotolerans attenuates inflammation induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in vivo and in vitro based on its metabolite soyasaponin I regulating the p105-Tpl2-ERK pathway

“…14 LDH expression is commonly used as an indicator to assess cell damage. 43 Our results indicated that the BH metabolites in the supernatant after 36 hours of fermentation significantly reduced LDH release induced by ETEC, thereby playing a positive role in protecting the membrane integrity of IPEC-J2 cells. Additionally, the production of cytokines is considered a crucial indicator of the response to ETEC infection.…”

Direct and indirect effects of pathogenic bacteria on the integrity of intestinal barrier

“…For instance, Lactobacillus species exert well-documented beneficial effects on the intestinal barrier. [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149] The concurrent use of different probiotics can alleviate dextran Sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by rectifying microbial dysbiosis and compromised barrier function. 150,151 Fecal bacterial transplantation to treat intestinal barrier defects has received TherapeuTic advances in Gastroenterology considerable attention.…”