Influence of hormones and hormone metabolites on the growth of schwann cells derived from embryonic stem cells and on tumor cell lines expressing variable levels of neurofibromin

Roth, Therese M.; Ramamurthy, Poornapriya; Muir, David; Wallace, Margaret R.; Zhu, Yuan; Chang, Lou; Barald, Kate F.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21430

Cited by 28 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…They are not only structurally similar ( Figure 1) but they also exhibit strong antiproliferative effects and have strong antiangiogenic effects (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Additionally, 2-methoxyestradiol, in contrast to its misleading name, has no affinity to any hormone receptor and elicits its antiproliferative effect via non-hormonal receptors in stem cells, which are more aggressive than differentiated cancer cells ( Figure 9) (19). The increase during pregnancy of these hormones might be necessary to reduce highly active fetal cells, which leave the uterus and nest in precancerous tissues of the mother, which could facilitate angiogenesis and cancer growth, because fetal cells are highly proliferative (35).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini was the first to describe how catholic nuns suffer from high rates of breast cancer (56,57). Contradicting observations illustrated how some cancers, such as neurofibroma or melanoma, grow rapidly in young mothers during pregnancy (19,35).…”

Section: Full-term Pregnancy At Young Age Causes Cancer Protectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These cancer stem cells resemble adult stem and progenitor cells found in the normal breast, but are deregulated from their patterns of proliferation and differentiation (19). They could originate from normal stem cells or from more differentiated progenitors and lose their normal growth restraints through a series of oncogenic mutations that deregulate a small number of central signaling pathways (48,49).…”

Section: Breast Cancer Stem Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, androstenediol has a very strong protective immune modifying effect via Figure 6 Hormone receptor distribution in stem cells, cancer stem cells, and normal fully differentiated Schwann cells (19).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas differentiated cells show hormone receptor expression in all cells, cancer stem cells show low hormone receptor expression ( Figure 6) (19). It was shown in a clinical study in Caucasian women diagnosed with breast cancer that the primary tumor exhibits 68% ERq cancer cells, whereas in the blood circulating tumor cells show only 35% ERq expression in circulating cancer cells (Figures 4 and 5) (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cancer protection of soy resembles cancer protection during pregnancy

Rohr¹,

Gocan²,

Bachg³

et al. 2010

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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It has been established that carrying a pregnancy to full-term at an early age can protect against contracting cancer by up to 50% in later life. The trophoblast theory of cancer states that trophoblast and cancer tissue are very similar. New findings suggest that the loss of fetal cells during pregnancy resemble those cells responsible for causing metastasis in cancer. Fetal cells and spreading cancer cells are highly proliferative. They are similar to stem cells, exhibiting no or low hormone receptor expression, and require a hormone receptor independent mechanism for control. Control of membrane stability during pregnancy is of vital importance for a successful pregnancy and is mediated by androstenediol and 2-methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol has no hormone receptor affinity and elicits strong anticancer effects particularly against cancer stem cells and fetal cells, for which currently no treatment has yet been established. There is a discussion whether pregnancy reduces cancer stem cells in the breast. Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to both hormones, and elicit strong anticancer effects and antiangiogenesis via inhibition of NF-κB, even in hormone receptor independent breast cancers seen in epidemiologic studies. The trophoblast theory of cancer could help to explain why soy baby nutrition formulas have no effect on baby physiology, other than the nutritional aspect, although soy elicits many effects on the adult immune system. To survive the immune system of the mother, the immune system of the fetus has to be separated; otherwise, the reduction of the immune system in the mother, a necessary feature for the blastocyst to grow, would immediately reduce the immunity for the fetus and endanger its survival. Similar to a fetus, newly born babies show immune insensitive to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, which are necessary and crucial for regulating the immune system of the mother, thus raising the risk of the baby of developing allergies and neurodermatitis. Gene expression studies in vitro as well as in circulating tumor cells from patients consuming a fermented soy product support the antiangiogenic as well as antiproliferative effects of soy.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Full-term Pregnancy At Young Age Causes Cancer Protectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Breast Cancer Stem Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cancer protection of soy resembles cancer protection during pregnancy

Rohr¹,

Gocan²,

Bachg³

et al. 2010

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The role of steroid hormones in the NF1 phenotype: Focus on pregnancy

Roth

Petty

Barald

2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

Self Cite

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The Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of its protein, neurofibromin, in the autosomal dominant disorder NF1 is associated with peripheral nervous system tumors, particularly neurofibromas, benign lesions in which the major cell type is the Schwann Cell (SC). Benign and malignant human tumors found in NF1 patients are heterogeneous with respect to their cellular composition. The number and size of neurofibromas in NF1 patients has been shown to increase during pregnancy, with, in some cases, post-partum regression, which suggests hormonal involvement in this increase. However, in this review, we consider evidence from the literature that both direct hormonal influence on tumor growth and on angiogenesis may contribute to these effects.

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Influence of crosslinking on the characteristics of thermally expandable microspheres expanding at high temperature

Jonsson

Nordin²,

Kron³

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Free-radical suspension polymerization was used to synthesize thermally expandable microspheres (TEMS); in this process, a poly(acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile) shell encapsulated isooctane. Different amounts of dimethacrylate, diacrylate, or divinyl ether functional crosslinker were added to investigate the effects on the crosslinking density of the polymer and the expansion properties of the TEMS. The optimum amount of crosslinker was found to be approximately 0.05-0.1 mol %. However, a significantly better expansion could be obtained with 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker, compared to 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether or 1,4-butanediol diacrylate. From monitoring the conversion of monofunctional analogues by gas chromatography, we suggest that the differences in expansion obtained with different crosslinkers, originated from the difference in the reactivity of the radicals in the system toward the vinyl functionalities of the crosslinkers. This regulated the incorporation of the crosslinker into the polymer and, thereby, the mechanical properties of the microsphere shell.

show abstract

Influence of hormones and hormone metabolites on the growth of schwann cells derived from embryonic stem cells and on tumor cell lines expressing variable levels of neurofibromin

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Cancer protection of soy resembles cancer protection during pregnancy

Cancer protection of soy resembles cancer protection during pregnancy

The role of steroid hormones in the NF1 phenotype: Focus on pregnancy

Influence of crosslinking on the characteristics of thermally expandable microspheres expanding at high temperature

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