Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on Adaptations in Well-Trained Cyclists

Abstract

Laursen, P.B., C.M. Shing, J.M. Peake, J.S. Coombes, and D.G. Jenkins. Influence of high-intensity interval training on adaptations in well-trained cyclists. J. Strength Cond. Res. 19(3):527-533. 2005.-The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of 3 different high-intensity interval training regimens on the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT 1 and VT 2 ), anaerobic capacity (ANC), and plasma volume (PV) in well-trained endurance cyclists. Before and after 2 and 4 weeks of training, 38 well-trained cyclists (V O 2 peak ϭ 64.5 Ϯ 5.2 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) performed (a) a progressive cycle test to measure V O 2 peak, peak power output (PPO), VT 1 , and VT 2 ; (b) a time to exhaustion test (T max ) at their V O 2 peak power output (P max ); and (c) a 40-km time-trial (TT 40 ). Subjects were assigned to 1 of 4 training groups (group 1: n ϭ 8, 8 ϫ 60% T max at P max , 1:2 work-recovery ratio; group 2: n ϭ 9, 8 ϫ 60% T max at P max , recovery at 65% maximum heart rate; group 3: n ϭ 10, 12 ϫ 30 seconds at 175% PPO, 4.5-minute recovery; control group: n ϭ 11). The TT 40 performance, V O 2 peak, VT 1 , VT 2 , and ANC were all significantly increased in groups 1, 2, and 3 (p Ͻ 0.05) but not in the control group. However, PV did not change in response to the 4-week training program. Changes in TT 40 performance were modestly related to the changes in V O 2 peak, VT 1 , VT 2 , and ANC (r ϭ 0.41, 0.34, 0.42, and 0.40, respectively; all p Ͻ 0.05). In conclusion, the improvements in TT 40 performance were related to significant increases in V O 2 peak, VT 1 , VT 2 , and ANC but were not accompanied by significant changes in PV. Thus, peripheral adaptations rather than central adaptations are likely responsible for the improved performances witnessed in well-trained endurance athletes following various forms of high-intensity interval training programs.

Blood pressure and cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, during exercise and recovery time in the young overweight

“…These results corroborate the literature showing that aerobic training reduces the heart rate at rest and improving sympathovagal balance, and during physical exercise parasympathetic is blunted resulting in higher loads of HRVT, lactate and ventilatory threshold (Fronchetti, Nakamura, De-Oliveira, Lima-Silva, & Lima, 2007;Laursen et al, 2005;Lucía et al, 2000;Tulppo et al, 2003(Yamamoto, Miyachi, Saitoh, Yoshioka & Onodera,2000.…”

“…Due to the simplicity of measurement, heart rate behavior is widely studied in diverse health conditions associated to the resting rate (Cambri, DE Olivera, & Gevaerd, 2008;Fronchetti, Nakamura, Aguiar & Oliveira, 2006), as well as during physical exercise (Laursen, Shing, Peake, Coombes, & Jenkins, 2005;Lima & Kiss, 1999;Lucía et al, 2000;Tulppo et al, 2003;) and on a smaller scale, in the recovery time after exercise Cole, Blacktone, Pashkow, Snader, & Lauer, 1999;Fernandes, Adam, Costa, Silva & De-Oliveira, 2005;Kannankeril, Le, Kadish & Goldberger, 2004). Indeed, the heart rate at rest and during recovery time after exercise are utilized as indicators of aerobic fitness, monitoring cardiovascular adaptations and the autonomic function since the maintenance of heart rate values is a consequence of a balance between vagal tone and sympathetic activity.…”

Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and bioenergetic indices in boys - futsal players

“…In this sense, Laursen et al (2005) reported the increased VO2max among cyclists by 4-week HIIT intervention. They suggested that peripheral adaptations are more responsible for performance improvement than central adaptations.…”

“…They suggested that peripheral adaptations are more responsible for performance improvement than central adaptations. A mechanism for increasing aerobic power is the increased activity of oxidative enzymes as reported in some studies [25]. In a study on the effect of interval training at 95% and 100% of the velocity at VO2max on aerobic physiological indices and running performance, Denadai et al (2010) found that post-training VO2max did not change in two groups and that VO2max performance was significantly increased in the group of 100% of VO2max [26].…”

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training On Antioxidants of Male Physical Education Students

“…High-intensity interval training has been shown to be an effective method for improving endurance performance [7][8][9]. The antioxidant enzymes may be activated selectively during an acute bout of strenuous exercise depending on the oxidative stress imposed on the specific tissues as well as the intrinsic antioxidant defense capacity.…”