Influence of Heavy Metals on the Carbohydrate and Phenolics in Mangrove, Aegiceras corniculatum L., Seedlings

Abstract

Mangrove forest, a complex intertidal ecosystem distributed in the tropics and subtropics, appear to possess a remarkable capacity to retain heavy metals (Badarudeen et al. 1996;Machado et al. 2002;Alongi et al. 2004). Recently, mangrove forests have been shown to play an important role in the biogeochemistry of trace metal contaminants in tropical coastal areas, and are considered to have the capacity to act as a sink or buffer and to remove or immobilize heavy metals before they reach nearby aquatic ecosystems (Tam and Wong 1996). However, most of the attention has been paid to the distribution and speciation of heavy metals in mangrove plants and sediments. We have little knowledge about why mangroves could inhabit in the heavily heavy-metal polluted mangrove swamp. Therefore it is important to evaluate the response of mangroves to the heavy metals stress, so as to have an in-depth understand about the high heavy metals tolerance of mangroves.In this study, we tested the variation of foliar carbohydrate and provided the first comprehensive description of the variation in the contents of phenolic compounds in mangrove (A. corniculatum L.) seedlings under heavy metal stress. We also related the variation in the content of phenolic compounds to the antioxidant activities in response to heavy metal in A. corniculatum L. seedlings. We aimed to investigate: (1) whether heavy metals induce changes in foliar carbohydrate and phenolic metabolism and, if so (2) could carbohydrate and phenolics be indicators of heavy metal stress of A. corniculatum L. seedlings and, (3) do they do any help to the high heavy metals tolerance of mangroves? Materials and MethodsSeeds of A. corniculatum L. were collected from Yunxiao mangrove forest (latitude 23°55¢180 †, longitude 117°25¢212 †) of Fujian, China. After 2 months of cultivation in greenhouse with natural illumination, the relative humidity 85%, and the temperature ranging from 26 to 32°C, healthy seedlings similar in apparent health, height (106 ± 19 mm), and leaf number (3 ± 0.41) (mean ± SE) were selected for sandy culture in plastic pots (35 cm diameter · 15 cm deep) with Hoagland's nutrient medium (pH~6.0). Metal salts were supplied with CuCl 2

Influence of foliar nutrients on phenol levels in leaves of Eugenia uniflora

“…However, they revealed an opposite Zinc presented a moderate positive correlation with flavonoids and hydrolysable tannin levels. Similar effects were observed for condensed tannins in seedlings of Aegiceras corniculatum (Guangqiu et al, 2007) and for flavonoids in roots of Medicago sattiva (Parry et al, 1994). However, Manthey et al (2000) found that in citrus leaves the flavonoid concentration increased with zinc-deficiency.…”

“…On the other hand, several works have reported the involvement of Cu and Mn in the shikimic acid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of several phenols, such as flavonoids, tannins, and lignin (Santiago et al, 2000;Diaz et al, 2001;Loponen et al, 2001;Lin et al, 2005;Guangqiu et al, 2007). Moreover, it is known that Cu and Mn influence the activity of many cellular enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) (Santiago et al, 2000;Kováčik & Klejdus, 2008;Treutter, 2010), peroxidases (Diaz et al, 2001, Lin et al, 2005, Gross, 2008Kováčik et al, 2009), laccases (Lin et al, 2005), and shikimate dehydrogenase (Diaz et al, 2001, Kováčik et al, 2009.…”

Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

“…25 A dose-response effect of copper on foliar tannins has been reported in seedlings of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Myrsinaceae). 24 At first tannins decreased with an increase in copper supply; however, when copper reached toxic levels the tannin concentration also increased. These results show that the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds is dependent on Cu and Mn levels: lignification is inhibited in deficient tissues and the production of other phenolics is enhanced, which is probably the case of cluster I.…”

“…21 Several studies have reported the involvement of Cu and Mn in the shikimic acid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of several phenols, such as flavonoids, tannins, and lignin. 23,24 In plants with copper and manganese deficiency, lignification is impaired and phenolics accumulate in plant tissues. 25 A dose-response effect of copper on foliar tannins has been reported in seedlings of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Myrsinaceae).…”

The Distribution of Lead Accumulation (Soil, Water and Mangrove Vegetation) to Conserve Segara Anakan Lagoon

“…The potency of Pb in the environment influences accumulation of Pb in mangrove vegetation. The accumulation of Pb in mangrove vegetation show that mangrove has capacity to retain heavy metals (Machado et al, 2002;Alongi et al, 2004), has highly depend on the chemical (Guangqiu et al, 2007), biological and/or physical processes, and the entire soilplant-water system in mangrove ecosystem (Munawar dan Rina, 2004). Based on data of this accumulation showed mangrove vegetation had good tolerance of Pb contaminant similar with Parvaresh et al, (2011) reported the potency of Pb in the sediments and leaves of grey mangrove (A.marina), and high tolerance of mangrove vegetation in pollution area (Marchand et al, 2006).…”