Influence of Heat Treatment and Milling Speed on Phase Stability of Ba&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;Sr&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;Co&lt;sub&gt;0.8&lt;/sub&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;0.2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3-δ&lt;/sub&gt; Composite Cathode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Huai, Tan Kang; Rahman, Hamidah Abdul; Taib, Hariati; Ahmad, Sufizar; Yusop, Umira Asyikin; Ibrahim, Himi

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.791.66

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…During milling, collisions between large Ag and small BSCF-SDC particles generate completely milled powders with large average particle sizes. Calcination (950 °C in this study) also promotes the agglomeration of small particles [11]. Particle sizes of less than 1 μm promote absorption on the surface of ceramic bodies [12].…”

Section: Experiments Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Electrochemical Performance of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite -Samarium Doped Ceria- Argentum for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Yusop

Huai

Rahman

et al. 2020

MSF

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A low operating temperature is one of the concerns in commercialising solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as a portable power source. The aim of this research is to develop a new cathode material, barium strontium cobalt ferrite–samarium doped ceria (BSCF-SDC) added with argentum (Ag) for low-temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFCs). The composite powder was prepared through high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 h with a BSCF:SDC powder ratio of 50:50. The composite powder was calcined at 950 °C for 2 h and then mixed with Ag (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%) via dry milling at 150 rpm. The phase stability of the resulting samples was examined by X-ray diffractometry, and powder particle sizes were determined by using a Zeta-Sizer Nano ZS. The thermal stability of each sample was determined on the basis of thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), and electrochemical characteristics were determined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the performance of BSCF-SDC-Ag in LT-SOFCs (400–600 °C). Phase analysis demonstrated no impurity phases existed. Particle size analysis revealed that increment in Ag content affect the particle size of BSCF-SDCC. TEC analysis demonstrated that BSCF-SDC-Ag1% has a mismatch value of 16.39%, which is within the acceptable TEC range of 15%–20%. BSCF-SDC-Ag1% showed a maximum conductivity of 39.37Scm-1 at 600 °C.

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Section: Experiments Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Electrochemical Performance of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite -Samarium Doped Ceria- Argentum for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Yusop

Huai

Rahman

et al. 2020

MSF

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“…It formed impurity phases of BaCO 3 . These minor impurity could be observed much in BSCF composite cathode However, BSCF-SDC after calcined at 950 o C had removed the secondary phase and recover BSCF crystalline phase at minimum 900 o C [12]. The introduction of Ag into BSCF-SDC had also assisted retaining BSCF crystalline phase especially peaks at 33.6 o and 47.2 o .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Thermal Behaviour of BSCF-SDC-Ag Composite Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Yusop,

Tan,

Rahman

2019

IJEAT

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) component has always under development to enhance catalytic activity. Components such as anode, cathode and electrolyte must have better structure and behavior for good SOFC performance. Traditional Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) cathode in solid oxide fuel cell application has been deterred several inappropriate circumstances such as high thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and chemical instability. Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte and Silver (Ag) are added into BSCF to overcome the problem and has better material characterization and thermal stability, The composite cathode powder BSCF-SDC was prepared by high speed ball milling technique with mixture of 50wt% BSCF and 50wt% SDC commercial powder. The powders were then dried and calcined at 950oC for 2 hour. Silver (Ag) with 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% were milled respectively with BSCF-SDC by low speed ball milling technique. The developed composite cathode was then examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dilatometer and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The vivid distinct phase of BSCF, SDC and Ag and absence of additional secondary phase was confirmed by XRD analysis indicating good phase structure compatibility. This also assured that less chemical reaction was happened during low speed milling process for BSCF-SDC-Ag as minor secondary phases are detected. However, milling process at high speed and high calcination temperature did destruct single phase of BSCF in BSCF-SDC composite cathode. However, Ag obtains its role to retain back the BSCF crystalline phase. The higher the percent of Ag added, the higher the BSCF peak retain. The absence of addition bonding in FTIR analysis demonstrating excellent structure compatibility of BSCF, SDC and Ag during milling process. There was no significant additional bonding appeared in BSCF-SDC-Ag after milling process. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) were determined using dilatometer, manifesting closer TEC mismatch between BSCF-SDC-Ag cathode composite and SDC electrolyte compared to BSCF-SDC. TEC is essential to be matched as it could prevent spallation during elevated operation temperature of SOFC. TGA analysis indicated cathode composite experiencing very less changes of weight when it was heated up 1000oC. BSCF is revealed of decomposition occurring after 800oC. Result revealed that Ag exhibited desirable thermal and structure compatibility with BSCF-SDC as promising SOFC cathode which beneficial from medium scale automobile to high scale power plant application.

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“…The resultant BSCF-SDC-Ag was not calcined following the low speed milling as their crystalline phase still have considerable attainability. [9] [10]. Table 1 tabulated the sample identification for further understanding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ag Addition on the Structural Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ–Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Cathode Powder

Yusop

Rahman

Huai

2019

IJIE

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Barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) materials are one of the effective cathode materials for solidoxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of their high conductivity and excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction and mobility. The ionic conductivity of this type of composite cathode can be improved by adding some catalyst materials to help enhance their electrode activity toward oxygen reduction reaction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Argentum (Ag) as a catalyst material toward Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (BSCF-SDC) composite cathode powders. The powders were mixed by using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) at 550 rpm and went through calcination process at 950°C. Then, the calcined BSCF-SDC composite cathode powder were dry milled with Ag at five different weight percentages, start with 1wt% until 5wt%. The powders were then characterized by various analytical methods. Firstly, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for phase and structure identification. Secondly, Zetasizer Nano ZS was used to determine particle size. Then, the Archimedes principle to examine density and porosity also Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to identify the morphology of each sample. XRD results demonstrated that there was existence of impurities on BSCF-SDC and BSCF-SDC-Ag composite cathode powder after went through calcination and mixing process. This situation occurs because of the reaction of alkaline oxide with CO2 during the calcination process and can be triggered when the composite powder was mixed using HEBM method. Zetasizer results revealed that the powder particles size tends to increase with increasing amount of Ag addition and FESEM morphology also shows an enlargement on particle shape along with increasing of Ag amount. Furthermore, the porosity (20%-40%) and density show an acceptable value as a good property needed for SOFC cathodes. All these findings indicated the effectiveness Ag addition has shown positive results on the structural properties of BSCF-SDC composite cathode powder.

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Influence of Heat Treatment and Milling Speed on Phase Stability of Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Composite Cathode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemical Performance of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite -Samarium Doped Ceria- Argentum for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Electrochemical Performance of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite -Samarium Doped Ceria- Argentum for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Structure and Thermal Behaviour of BSCF-SDC-Ag Composite Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Effect of Ag Addition on the Structural Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ–Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Cathode Powder

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