Influence of Heat Exposure on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Male Subjects.

Yamamoto, Hiromi; Zheng, Kui; Ariizumi, Makoto

doi:10.2486/indhealth.41.1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the notion that high temperatures increase metabolism and thus demands for cholesterol, high‐heat exposure in humans (39.8°C or 103.6°F) has been found to be associated with decreases in serum TC, LDL‐C, and TG levels, consistent with the depletion of peripheral cholesterol stores (controlling for plasma volume; Yamamoto et al, 2003). However, other studies not controlling for plasma volume do not show this trend (Keatinge et al, 1986; Al‐Harthi et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Eisenberg

Kuzawa

Hayes

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

187

133

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The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with epsilon4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low-cholesterol levels. In high-latitude cold environments and low-latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevated, which could require higher cholesterol levels. To explore this hypothesis, we compiled APOE allele frequencies, latitude, temperature, and elevation from populations around the world. epsilon4 allele frequencies show a curvilinear relationship with absolute latitude, with lowest frequencies found in the mid-latitudes where temperatures generally require less expenditure on cooling/thermogenesis. Controlling for population structure in a subset of populations did not appreciably change this pattern of association, consistent with selection pressures that vary by latitude shaping epsilon4 allele frequencies. Temperature records also predict APOE frequency in a curvilinear fashion, with lowest epsilon4 frequencies at moderate temperatures. The model fit between historical temperatures and epsilon4 is less than between latitude and epsilon4, but strengthened after correcting for estimated temperature differences during the Paleolithic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that elevation did not improve predictive power, and an integrated measure of the cholesterol effect of multiple APOE alleles was less related to latitude than was epsilon4 alone. Our results lend mixed support for a link between past temperature and human APOE allele distribution and point to the need to develop better models of past climate in future analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Eisenberg

Kuzawa

Hayes

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

187

133

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“…Studies investigating the associations between temperature and cardiac risk factors, such as blood pressure (Halonen et al, 2011a; Alpérovitch et al, 2009; Lanzinger et al, 2014), markers of inflammation (Halonen et al, 2010; Schäuble et al, 2012), changes in heart rate and repolarization parameters (Hampel et al, 2010), and cholesterol (Yamamoto et al, 2003; Halonen et al, 2011b), have shown divergent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in temperature and arrhythmia episodes in the VA Normative Aging Study

Zanobetti

Coull

Kloog

et al. 2016

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Many studies have demonstrated that cold and hot temperatures are associated with increased deaths and hospitalization rates; new findings indicate also an association with more specific cardiac risk factors. Most of these existing studies have relied on few weather stations to characterize exposures; few have used residence-specific estimates of temperature, or examined the exposure-response function. We investigated the association of arrhythmia episodes with spatial and temporal variation in temperature. We also evaluated the association between monitored ambient temperature (central) and the same outcome. This longitudinal analysis included 701 older men participating in the VA Normative Aging Study. Arrhythmia episodes were measured as ventricular ectopy (VE) (bigeminy, trigemini or couplets episodes) by 4min electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in repeated visits during 2000–2010. The outcome was defined as having or not VE episodes during a study visit. We applied a mixed effect logistic regression model with a random intercept for subject, controlling for seasonality, weekday, medication use, smoking, diabetes status, body mass index and age. We also examined effect modification by personal characteristics, confounding by air pollution, and the exposure-response function. For 1° C increase in the same day residence-specific temperature, the odds of having VE episodes was 1.10 (95%CI: 1.04–1.17). The odds associated with 1° C increase in central temperature was 1.05 (95%CI: 1.02–1.09). The exposure-response function was non-linear for averages of temperature, presenting a J-shaped pattern, suggesting greater risk at lower and higher temperatures. Increased warm temperature and decreased cold temperature may increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

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“…Results from chamber studies have been only partly consistent with our findings. A study in London showed that six hours of exposure to a high temperature (41°C) increased the levels of HDL and LDL (Keatinge et al, 1986), but a more recent study reported a decrease in LDL levels after one hour of exposure to a high temperature (39.8 °C) (Yamamoto et al, 2003). These differences in findings may be partly due to the fact that cholesterol decreases with age, and while these two studies included younger participants, we studied a cohort of men aged 55 to 100 years (Ettinger et al, 1992; Ferrara et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism for this phenomenon could be the ability of cells to take up more cholesterol at higher temperatures, which would lead to a decrease in circulating cholesterol. However, the possible link between temperature and serum lipid levels has rarely been investigated (Keatinge et al, 1986; Neild et al, 1994; Yamamoto et al, 2003), especially on a population level (Donaldson et al, 1997). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor temperature is associated with serum HDL and LDL

Halonen¹,

Zanobetti²,

Sparrow

et al. 2011

Environmental Research

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Background While exposures to high and low air temperatures are associated with cardiovascular mortality, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We investigated whether temperature was associated with changes in circulating lipid levels, and whether this might explain part of the association with increased cardiovascular events. Methods The study cohort consisted of 478 men in the greater Boston area with a mean age of 74.2 years. They visited the clinic every 3–5 years between 1995–2008 for physical examination and to complete questionnaires. We excluded from analyses all men taking statin medication and all days with missing data, resulting in a total of 862 visits. Associations between three temperature variables (ambient, apparent, and dew point temperature) and serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) were studied with linear mixed models that included possible confounders such as air pollution and a random intercept for each subject. Results We found that HDL decreased −1.76% (95% CI: −3.17 – −0.32, lag 2 days), and −5.58% (95% CI: −8.87 – −2.16, moving average of 4 weeks) for each 5°C increase in mean ambient temperature. For the same increase in mean ambient temperature, LDL increased by 1.74% (95% CI: 0.07 – 3.44, lag 1 day) and 1.87% (95% CI: 0.14 – 3.63, lag 2 days). These results were also similar for apparent and dew point temperatures. No changes were found in total cholesterol or triglycerides in relation to temperature increase. Conclusions Changes in HDL and LDL levels associated with an increase in ambient temperature may be among the underlying mechanisms of temperature-related cardiovascular mortality.

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Influence of Heat Exposure on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Male Subjects.

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in temperature and arrhythmia episodes in the VA Normative Aging Study

Outdoor temperature is associated with serum HDL and LDL

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