Influence of Growth Conditions, Metabolic Inhibitors, and Phenolic Compounds on the ATP Pool in <i>Fomes annosus</i>

Johansson, Martin; Hägerby, Elisabeth

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03721.x

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Of the different lignin preparations poor laccase activity in the presence of reax can be attributed to its degree of sulfonation (4.7% as mentioned by its manufacturers, Westvaco Chemical Division, U.S.A.) as lignosulfonates have been shown to be poorly utilized as compared to kraft lignin (ANDER and ERIKSSON 1978). Laccase induced is suggested to detoxify the phenolic compounds (GRABBE et al 1968, JOHANS-SON andHAGERBY 1974) and cause demethylation of lignin, a key step for its degradation (TROXANOWSKI andLEONOWICZ 1969, KIRK andCHANG 1975). Salicylic acid inhibited enzyme as well as biomass production in both the fungi (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decomposition of angiospermic wood sawdust and laccase production by two Pleurotus species

Arora

Sandhu

1987

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Out of different lignin preparations, phenolic compounds and sugars tested, indulin AT proved to be the best substrate for laccase production in both Pleurotus ostreatus and P . sajor-caju. Sugars supported good growth but repressed enzyme production. I n P. ostreatw the enzyme production was maximum a t 25 "C, pH 5 and 0.1% indulin AT. Angiospermic wood saw dust suffered a total weight loss of 6% accompanied by 14% lignin loss during 60 days incubation with P. ostreatus.A lot of lignocellulosic residue gets accumulated every year in the form of leaf litter, straw, wood shavings and sawdust etc. Lignin component is next to cellulose in organic carbon content. Despite its resistive nature it is decomposed by various microbes to maintain balanced ecological set up and to provide energy-rich simple compounds. Lignin component of lignocellulosics has to be removed for their efficient utilization in paper industry or as feed for ruminants. Various workers have been involved in the selective removal of lignin for biochemical pulping and to increase the digestibility of agricultural residues for ruminants (KANESHIRO 1977 (FAHRAEUS 1954, FROEHNER and ERIKSSON 1974. In the present study different physicochemical parameters have been standardized to optimize the enzyme production. Pleurotus ostreatus was selected further to find out its rate of decomposing angiospermic wood sawdust with special reference to lignin. An attempt has also been made to correlate its laccase producing ability with lignin degradation. Materials and methodsMicroorganisms : The cultures of Pleurotus ostreutus ( JACQ.) FR. and Pleurotus sujor-cuju (FR.) SINGER (FRI 983) were obtained from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, respectively. These were maintained on yeast glucose agar and stored a t 4 "C.Laccase production under different conditions: The two fungi were made to grow under a variable set of physicochemical conditions so as t o optimize the laccase production. To find out its time course the fungi were grown on lignin (indulin AT 1%) and malt extract (1%) media and processed for enzyme estimation a t various time intervals . I n order t o find out the best suitable substrate for enzyme production by the two species the mineral solution was supplemented with various lignins (indulin AT, polyfon, reax), phenolic compounds (gallic, tannic and salicylic acids, orcinol, resorcinol) and sugars (glucose, maltose, lactose, sorbitol, sucrose) etc. as described earlier . Stimulatory effect, if any, of malt extract (0.2%) was determined by supplementing the above media with it. Optimum temperature, pH and substrate (indulin AT) concentration were standardized for P. ostreatus. Laccase estimations were carried out using guaiacol as substrate and expressed in relative and specific activity units . 131

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decomposition of angiospermic wood sawdust and laccase production by two Pleurotus species

Arora

Sandhu

1987

J. Basic Microbiol.

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“…While it is clear that more work is needed on the respiratory action of various flavonoids implicated in allelopathy, even a small interference with ATP production in the intact plant could impact growth. Johansson and Hagerby (77) reported that phenolic acids lowered the ATP pool of growing fungal mycelia, but that relationship to growth was unclear. Table II data show the concentration of phenolic acids required to inhibit mitochondrial oxygen uptake is several orders of magnitude higher than flavonoids.…”

Section: Allelochemical Interference With Respirationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy

Einhellig

1994

ACS Symposium Series

214

170

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The primary mode of action has not been established for any allelopathic compound, albeit some physiological actions are known. The array of compounds cuts across many chemical classes, and it is unlikely they have a common mechanism of action. Allelochemicals active against higher plants are typically characterized as suppressing seed germination, causing injury to root growth and other meristems, or inhibiting seedling growth.A primary action on ATP production is indicated for the two quinones, juglone and sorgoleone, since they inhibit chloroplast oxygen evolution (I 50 = 0.2 and 2.0 μM respectively) and strongly affect mitochondrial functions.The chloroplast block by sorgoleone is in the photosystem II complex. Cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives alter membrane potential and have several physiological effects that suggest membrane perturbations are their initial site of action. Their thresholds (100 to 1000 μM) for inhibition of seedling growth, singly or in combinations, correlate with impairment of plant-water relationships. These phenolic compounds also alter mineral uptake, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, carbon flow, and phytohormone activity. Phytotoxicity of many allelopathic chemicals may be from a generalized cellular disruption rather than a specific mechanism. A case study of Sorghum allelopathy suggests that inhibition of a receiving species results from the joint action of a number of allelochemicals with different cellular sites of action.Efforts to explain the phenomenon of allelopathy are ultimately challenged to identify the site, or sites, of action of the chemicals involved. However, this lofty goal has seldom come to fruition (1). Success has been greatest in localizing the subcellular target of activity for certain antibiotics and other microbial toxins (2-4).

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“…According to some authors, a negative interactions allelopathic species of the Cirsium genus (C. arvense, C. japonicum), probably due to the release by their organs phenolic compounds (Kovacs et al, 1988;Kazinczi et al, 2001;Chon et al, 2003). Phenols have inhibiting influence, among others on -ATP synthesis in mitochondria and photosynthesis (Stenlid, 1970;Johansson and Hägerby, 1974;Dadkhah, 2012). They increase the permeability of cell membranes by their depolarisation and inhibition of protein synthesis and play an important role in supplying plants with nutrients (Baziramakenga et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Allelopathic Potential of Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. into the Fodder Meadow Plants

Barabasz‐Krasny

Możdżeń

Sołtys-Lelek

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Due to easy vegetative and generative reproduction, the most part of the Cirsium species are considered as common weeds in different kinds of crops, on meadows and pastures. They owe their success in acquiring new area, both morphological and physiological characteristics, such as the production of allelopathic substances. An example the species within of the Cirsium genus, which may have the allelopathic properties, is cabbage thistle C. oleraceum (L.) Scop. It is a common meadow perennial plant, which in disturbed habitats quickly becomes expansive species, eliminating the other components of the flora. Such phenomenon is well-documented on the meadows of the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). Therefore, it was investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of dried leaves C. oleraceum on seed germination, seedlings growth, the fresh and dry weight and the water content of the seedlings in three meadow species: Trifolium pratense L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Dactylis glomerata L. The results showed that C. oleraceum exhibits the allelopathic potential, which may have limited effect on the studied parameters of fodder species, but only when using high concentrations of extracts prepared from the leaves (15% and 20%). D. glomerata was the most sensitive on the C. oleraceum allelopathic substances.

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Influence of Growth Conditions, Metabolic Inhibitors, and Phenolic Compounds on the ATP Pool in Fomes annosus

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Decomposition of angiospermic wood sawdust and laccase production by two Pleurotus species

Decomposition of angiospermic wood sawdust and laccase production by two Pleurotus species

Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy

The Allelopathic Potential of Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. into the Fodder Meadow Plants

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