Influence of Growing Season on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Grape Berries from Vines Grown in Subtropical Climate

Abstract

The influence of growing season (winter vs summer) on the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties was studied in five grape cultivars for three consecutive years. Four phenolic compound parameters (total phenols, flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins) and three antioxidant property parameters [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power] were investigated. Results showed that both phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in the seed and skin of winter berries were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of summer berries for all of the cultivars investigated. The anthocyanin profiles of berry skins appeared to be extremely consistent in different years for the same crop, whereas they varied greatly between the two crops within the same year (winter vs summer). Winter berries contained richer glucosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, and malvidin than summer berries. These seasonal variations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties on grape berries were largely contributed by climatic factors such as temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, and hydrothermic coefficient between different growing seasons.

The Changes of Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Chlorophyll Content in Plum Peels during Growth Phases: from Fructification to Ripening

“…In other words, the degradation of some phenols was faster or slower than the biosynthesis of other phenols. Moreover, a reversed correlation between the phenolic compounds concentration and air temperature was reported (Xu et al, 2011), similar results being observed in the current study.…”

Identification of polyphenolic compounds in red and white grape varieties grown in R. Macedonia and changes of their content during ripening

“…Regarding the white varieties, Smederevka grapes were richer with TP and TF in seeds and skins, but lower amount of flavan-3-ols was found, compared to the grape varieties grown in a Subtropical Climate (Xu et al, 2011). Furthermore, the content of total phenolics in Smederevka and Chardonnay skins were similar to that found in the white Czech varieties (Lachman et al, 2009).…”

“…Compared to other grape varieties, Vranec grapes presented higher amounts of total phenolics in seeds and skins, higher levels of anthocyanins and lower levels of TF and TF 3-ols in seeds and skins than red "Kyoho" (Euro-American hybrid) and the Euro-Asian hybrid 'NW196' cultivars grown in Subtropical Climate (Xu, Zhang, Zhu, Huang, & Lu, 2011). In addition, Vranec skins presented a similar amount of total phenolics compared to some grape varieties grown in Czech Table 3 Content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonoids of Vranec, Merlot, Smederevka and Chardonnay grapes at physiological maturity, determined by spectrophotometic assays, and expressed as mg/g fresh weight.…”

Anthocyanin characteristics of wines in Vitis germplasms cultivated in southern China

“…Malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside was the most significant anthocyanin for 'NW196' grape berries (Xu et al, 2011), and the same was true for the 'NW196' wine. 'Noble' wine was very rich in Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and Pelargonidin-3,5-Odiglucoside.…”