Influence of grain size on mechanical properties of aluminium GTA weld metal

Schempp, Philipp; Cross, C. E.; Häcker, Ralf; Pittner, Andreas; Rethmeier, Michael

doi:10.1007/s40194-013-0026-6

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The joints were heat-treated in order to increase their corrosion resistance. This According to [14,[19][20][21], reduction in the grain size results in higher material ductility. In the analyzed cases, no monotonic relationship between the considered welding parameters (both travel and rotational speed) and the grain size was found, hence for the 800 and 1000 RPM rotational speed, the weld ductility was similar in each analyzed case.…”

Section: Effect Of Tool Rotation and Travel Speed On Joint Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selected Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Joints

Kossakowski

Wciślik

Bakalarz

2019

Archives of Civil Engineering

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The article discusses the basic issues related to the technology of friction stir welding (FSW). A short description of technology is provided. The following section provides the analysis of effect of technological parameters (tool rotation and welding speed) on the mechanical properties of the prepared joint (strength, ductility, microhardness). In both cases the analysis refers to aluminum alloys (6056 and AA2195-T0). The comparative analysis showed the phenomenon of the increase in weld strength along with the increase in the rotational speed of the tool during welding. Similarly, with the increase in welding speed, an increase in weld strength was observed. Some exceptions have been observed from the above relations, as described in the article. In addition, examples of material hardness distribution in the joint are presented, indicating their lack of symmetry, caused by the rotational movement of the tool. The analyses were performed basing on the literature data.

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Section: Effect Of Tool Rotation and Travel Speed On Joint Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selected Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Joints

Kossakowski

Wciślik

Bakalarz

2019

Archives of Civil Engineering

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“…Al with fine grains possesses a large grain boundary area that creates a barrier to avoid atomic slipping, further affecting the electrochemical behavior. [ 35 ] An Al anode with more grain boundaries can provide more channels for electrochemical reactions to boost the electrochemical activity, resulting in a negative shift of the open‐circuit potential of the Al anode to increase the working voltage. Moreover, grain refinement can affect the microstructure of Al anodes, especially the second phase and defect.…”

Section: Aqueous Al Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Strategies of Low‐Cost Aluminum Anodes for High‐Performance Al‐Based Batteries

Jiang

Meng

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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high energy density and long cycle life. [2] However, LIBs suffer from severe safety issues caused by lithium dendrites and flammable organic electrolytes, hindering their wide application in large-scale energy storage systems. [3] Additionally, the limited lithium reserves and their uneven distribution may further increase the cost of LIBs. [4] Therefore, it is extremely urgent to explore novel battery technologies with higher energy density, enhanced safety, and lower cost. [5] To replace or complement lithium-based energy storage systems, various batteries based on sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al) have received extensive attention for use as next-generation electrochemical storage systems. [6] Among the metal-based cells, Al-based batteries (ABs) are one of the most promising alternatives for energy storage due to the high specific capacity, low cost, abundant reserves, and light weight of the Al anode. [7] Al can offer a theoretically gravimetric capacity of 2980 mAh g −1 , which is much higher than that of Mg (2200 mAh g −1 ) or Zn (820 mAh g −1 ) and only lower than that of Li (3860 mAh g −1 ). From a volume standpoint, Al has a larger volume capacity (8040Ah cm −3 ) than lithium (2060 Ah cm −3 ). [1,6a,8] Considering the combination of the specific capacity and earth reserves, Al can beat all other metals (Figure 1), demonstrating a promising candidate for developing advanced energy storage systems with high energy densities and low-cost. [9] ABs are a class of energy storage systems in which Al metals are used as anodes in the form of plates, foils, or particles. Al was initially used as an anode in the Buff cell coupled with a carbon cathode in 1857. [10] Later on, Al-MnO 2 batteries and Al-O 2 batteries were in succession demonstrated and explored in 1960s. [11] Since then, extensive efforts have been devoted to exploring more advanced Al batteries for clean and sustainable energy. According to the electrolyte characteristics, ABs can be briefly classified into aqueous Al batteries and non-aqueous Al batteries, including primary Al-air batteries, rechargeable Al-O 2 batteries, Al-ion batteries (AIBs), Al-graphite dual-ion batteries (DIBs), Al-S batteries, and others for various applications (Figure 2).Although enormous research progress on Al-based batteries has been achieved, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed, especially on the Al anode side. PrimaryThe ever-growing market of electric vehicles and the upcoming grid-scale storage systems have stimulated the fast growth of renewable energy storage technologies. Aluminum-based batteries are considered one of the most promising alternatives to complement or possibly replace the current lithium-ion batteries owing to their high specific capacity, good safety, low cost, light weight, and abundant reserves of Al. However, the anode problems in primary and secondary Al batteries, such as, self-corrosion, passive film, and volume expansion, severely limit the batteries' practical performanc...

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“…It is noted [42] that alternative stress (from mechanical vibration) and residual stress are the principles of vibration stress relief. The purpose of applying vibration to the structure being welded is to introduce the dynamic stress (σ d ) into the structure so that its sum with residual stress (σ r ) exceeds the yield strength (σ y ) of the material and eventually causes some plastic deformation, leads to a reduction in residual stress (Eq.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the applied mechanical vibration during welding on the residual stress and the fatigue crack growth rate of AA-5083 aluminum alloy

Tamasgavabari¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Ma³

2020

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Vibratory weld conditioning (VWC) was performed on the AA-5083 aluminum alloy specimens while they were welded with gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The variables in this study were vibration forces range from 400-3150 N and vibration frequency of 50-90 Hz. Microstructure, residual stress, and fatigue crack growth behavior of the welded samples were examined. Fracture analysis was also undertaken after the fatigue crack growth test using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that compared to the no-vibration welded sample, with increasing vibration forces, the columnar structure was replaced by equiaxed grains, and the area fraction of equiaxed grains increased to 75 %. In contrast to the sample welded without vibration, residual stress decreased while vibration was applied during welding. On the other hand, the application of mechanical vibration during welding, at each given frequency of 50, 75, and 90 Hz caused residual stress decrement of about 36, 38, and 44 %. At low ΔK values, the crack growth rate is low in all welded specimens and is approximately similar to the crack growth rate of the no-vibration welded specimen. Tensile residual stress is an effective reason that caused the crack growth rate of the material to increase. K e y w o r d s : vibratory weld conditioning (VWC), equiaxed grain, residual stress, 5083 aluminum alloy, fatigue crack growth

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Influence of grain size on mechanical properties of aluminium GTA weld metal

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Selected Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Joints

Effect of Selected Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Joints

Challenges and Strategies of Low‐Cost Aluminum Anodes for High‐Performance Al‐Based Batteries

The influence of the applied mechanical vibration during welding on the residual stress and the fatigue crack growth rate of AA-5083 aluminum alloy

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