Influence of glycemic load on HDL cholesterol in youth1–3

Slyper, Arnold H.; Jurva, Jason W.; Pleuss, Joan A.; Hoffmann, Raymond G.; Gutterman, David D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn.81.2.376

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In controlled feeding studies, diets high in GI and GL have been shown to have adverse effects on total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and C-reactive protein, and among people with diabetes glycosylated hemoglobin (Bouche et al, 2002;Ludwig, 2002;Brand-Miller et al, 2003;Pereira et al, 2004;Sloth et al, 2004;Ebbeling et al, 2005;McMillan-Price et al, 2006). Similar associations have been observed in crosssectional studies of self-reported diet (Frost et al, 1999;Ford and Liu, 2001;Liu et al, 2001Liu et al, , 2002Amano et al, 2004;McKeown et al, 2004;Slyper et al, 2005). In addition, highcarbohydrate diets that were also high in GI were associated with accelerated atherosclerosis progression (Mozaffarian et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

2007

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Background/objectives: In men with established cardiovascular disease, the effect of diets with high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that diets with higher GI and GL are associated with increased mortality in men with established cardiovascular disease. Subjects/methods: We measured dietary GI and GL using food-frequency questionnaires in 4617 men, 45-79 years old, with a history of cardiovascular disease. The men were followed for cardiovascular mortality (6-year follow-up, 608 cases) and all-cause mortality (8-year follow-up, 1303 cases) using the Swedish cause-of-death and death registers. We used Cox models with age as the timescale and adjusted for body mass index, physical activity, history of hypertension and diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, aspirin use, cigarette smoking and dietary factors to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs). Results: Comparing top to bottom quartiles of dietary GI, the RR for cardiovascular mortality was 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-1.10, P for linear trend ¼ 0.21), and the RR for all-cause mortality was 1.00 (95% CI 0.85-1.19, P for linear trend ¼ 0.87). Compared to quartile 1, the RR for men with dietary GL in quartile 4 was 1.02 (95% CI 0.70-1.49, P for linear trend ¼ 0.81) for cardiovascular and 1.15 (95% CI 0.89-1.49, P for linear trend ¼ 0.20) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In this population of men with prior cardiovascular disease, dietary GI and GL were not associated with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

2007

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“…A reasonably consistent finding has been an inverse association between fasting HDL cholesterol concentrations and dietary GI Amano et al, 2004;Slyper et al, 2005), although one study found no association (Murakami et al, 2006). Ma et al (2006) found inverse associations between dietary GI and GL in a cross-sectional analysis, but the associations were lost during follow-up.…”

Section: Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load And Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Glycemic index and glycemic load: measurement issues and their effect on diet–disease relationships

2007

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Glycemic index (GI) describes the blood glucose response after consumption of a carbohydrate containing test food relative to a carbohydrate containing reference food, typically glucose or white bread. GI was originally designed for people with diabetes as a guide to food selection, advice being given to select foods with a low GI. The amount of food consumed is a major determinant of postprandial hyperglycemia, and the concept of glycemic load (GL) takes account of the GI of a food and the amount eaten. More recent recommendations regarding the potential of low GI and GL diets to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and to treat conditions other than diabetes, should be interpreted in the light of the individual variation in blood glucose levels and other methodological issues relating to measurement of GI and GL. Several factors explain the large inter-and intra-individual variation in glycemic response to foods. More reliable measurements of GI and GL of individual foods than are currently available can be obtained by studying, under standard conditions, a larger number of subjects than has typically been the case in the past. Meta-analyses suggest that foods with a low GI or GL may confer benefit in terms of glycemic control in diabetes and lipid management. However, low GI and GL foods can be energy dense and contain substantial amounts of sugars or undesirable fats that contribute to a diminished glycemic response. Therefore, functionality in terms of a low glycemic response alone does not necessarily justify a health claim. Most studies, which have demonstrated health benefits of low GI or GL involved naturally occurring and minimally processed carbohydrate containing cereals, vegetables and fruit. These foods have qualities other than their immediate impact on postprandial glycemia as a basis to recommend their consumption. When the GI or GL concepts are used to guide food choice, this should be done in the context of other nutritional indicators and when values have been reliably measured in a large group of individuals.

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“…Si mi larly, Slyper et al sho wed that the only sig ni fi cant cor re la ti ons evi dent we re ne ga ti ve cor re la ti ons bet we en HDL cho les te rol and glyce mic lo ad (in re la ti on to whi te bre ad), per cen ta ge of carbohy dra te, to tal di e tary su gar, to tal car bohy dra te, and fruc to se. 35 GL was mo de ra tely cor re la ted with many ot her di e tary cons ti tu ents, inc lu ding to tal, sa tu ra ted, mo no un sa tu red, and pol yun sa tu red fats; total pro te in; and milk pro te in and GL were not con si de red in most pre vi o us di e tary stu di es.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Anthropometric Measurements in Adolescents

Köksal¹,

Karadağ²,

Yıldıran³

et al. 2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Di ets con ta i ning fo ods that are low in glyce mic in dex (GI) or glyce mic load (GL) may inf lu en ce es pe ci ally the ap pe ti te and ot her body mec ha nisms that af fect ex ces si ve weight ga in in ado les cen ce. This study was car ri ed out to de ter mi ne the re la ti ons hip bet we en di e tary GI and GL and body we ight, he ight, body mass in dex (BMI) and wa ist cir cum fe ren ce (WC) in 14-18 ye ar-old ado les cents. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : One tho u sand one hun dred and fo ur vo lun tary adoles cents (469 girls and 635 boys) aged bet we en 14-18 ye ars we re inc lu ded in the study. GI and GL we re cal cu la ted from a 24-ho ur di e tary re call ta ken from in di vi du als. Ant hro po met ric me a su rements (body we ight, he ight, BMI, WC) we re al so me a su red for all ado les cents and eva lu a ted using the WHO Growth Re fe ren ce for 5-19 Ye ars-2007. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : Ac cor ding to the eva lu a ti on of BMI for age, pre va len ces of un der we ight, over we ight and obe sity we re 13.6%, 17.3% and 3.8% in boys and 15.9%, 13.1% and 1.7% in girls, res pec ti vely. The di e tary GI dif fe red sig ni fi cantly bet we en boys and girls and was hig her in obe se ado les cents than in ot her BMI gro ups (p< 0.05). Ho we ver, no sig ni ficant dif fe ren ce was fo und bet we en di e tary GL ba sed on BMI clas si fi ca ti on (p> 0.05). It was de termi ned that in both gen ders the di e tary GI was po si ti vely cor re la ted with ant hro po met ric me a su re ments (p< 0.05), whi le the GL was fo und in ver sely cor re la ted with body we ight and he ight (p< 0.05). C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : As a re sult a sig ni fi cant re la ti ons hip was fo und bet we en GI and ant hro po metric me a su re ments. It is con si de red that a low GI di et may be use ful in the pre ven ti on of obe sity and sub se qu ent chro nic adult ho od di se a ses in ado les cents. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Adolescent; glycemic index; body mass index Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Gli se mik in dek si (Gİ) ve ya gli se mik yü kü (GY) dü şük olan be sin le ri içe ren di yet le rin uygulanması, ado le san lar da aşı rı ağır lık ka za nı mı nı et ki le yen baş ta aç lık me ka niz ma sı ol mak üze -re vü cut me ka niz ma la rı nı et ki le ye bil mek te dir. Bu ça lış ma, 14-18 yaş ara sın da ki ado le san lar da diye tin Gİ ve GY'ü ile vü cut ağır lı ğı, boy uzun lu ğu, be den kit le in dek si (BKİ) ve bel çev re si (BÇ) ara sın da ki iliş ki yi sap ta mak ama cıy la yü rü tül müş tür. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : Ça lış ma ya yaş la rı 14-18 yıl ara sın da olan 1104 gö nül lü ado le san bi rey (469 kız ve 635 er kek) da hil edil miş tir. Gİ ve GY birey le rin 24 sa at lik be sin tü ke tim le rin den he sap lan mış tır. Ay rı ca, ça lış ma ya alı nan tüm ado le san ların an tro po met rik öl çüm le ri (vü cut ağır lı ğı, boy uzun lu ğu, BKİ, BÇ) ya pıl mış ve DSÖ'nün 5-19 yaşlar içi...

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Influence of glycemic load on HDL cholesterol in youth1–3

Abstract: Glycemic load appears to be an important independent predictor of HDL cholesterol in youth. This relation is of concern and suggests that dietary restrictions without attention to a possible resulting increase in glycemic load may result in an unfavorable influence on blood lipids.

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

Glycemic index and glycemic load: measurement issues and their effect on diet–disease relationships

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Anthropometric Measurements in Adolescents

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