“…The hydrophobicity, water solubility, and negative charge density of lignosulfonate, in addition to its thermal stability, renewability and eco-friendliness [ 24 ], make this polymer a promising candidate to be used in industry [ 21 , 24 ]. Kraft lignin is produced via pulping of wood chips using sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide, while alkali lignin is produced via pulping of wood chips using sodium hydroxide [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Kraft lignin and alkali lignin are not water soluble at pH 7 in opposition to lignosulfonates [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”