Abstract:Aim:To determine the effect of gender difference in the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine (FLX) in mice in tail suspension test (TST).Methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex were used and the depression-like behavior was measured by TST.Results: The present study showed that there was a significant difference in the immobility period of male mice and female mice in TST. However, the antidepressant effect of FLX differs significantly in male mice and female mice in TST.
Conclusion:It has been concluded that … Show more
“…One relates to the differential effects of fluoxetine in males and females. In a variety of preparations (both clinical and preclinical), sex differences in fluoxetine have been reported (Kercmar & Majdic, 2014; Leussis et al, 2021; Sramek et al, 2016; Tyagi & Walia, 2017; Zammataro et al, 2017). As such, fluoxetine may have had differential effects during preexposure that impacted the ability of fluoxetine to affect MDMA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To address whether fluoxetine history impacts the aversive effects of MDMA, the present study exposed adult Sprague–Dawley rats to fluoxetine every 4th day for a total of five injections followed by access to a novel saccharin solution paired repeatedly with MDMA. Given previous work reporting sex-dependent effects of fluoxetine (Fernández-Guasti et al, 2017; Kercmar & Majdic, 2014; Leussis et al, 2021; Sramek et al, 2016; Tyagi & Walia, 2017; Zammataro et al, 2017) and MDMA (Asl et al, 2015; Liechti et al, 2001; McCann et al, 1994; Palenicek et al, 2005; Simmler et al, 2011; Verheyden et al, 2002; Walker et al, 2007) as well as sex differences in the onset/frequency of use and in the specific drugs used (see Johnston et al, 2021; SAMHSA, 2021; for a review, Riley et al, 2018), the present assessment of the effects of fluoxetine on MDMA-induced taste avoidance was done in both males and females (for discussions of sex as a biological variable, see Wetherington, 2007, 2010; for reviews, see Becker et al, 2017; Becker & Koob, 2016; Carroll & Lynch, 2016).…”
The use of both prescription and illicit drugs creates the potential for drug interactions as a function of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. One such interaction is that of fluoxetine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in which fluoxetine attenuates the positive-like effects of MDMA. The present work extends the analysis of their interaction by examining the impact of fluoxetine on the aversive effects of MDMA which in balance with its rewarding effects may mediate its abuse potential. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were given fluoxetine (10 mg/kg every 4th day for five injections) prior to taste avoidance training with MDMA (3.2 mg/kg). MDMA induced taste avoidance in males and females (faster acquisition in females). Fluoxetine preexposure attenuated this avoidance in males, but not females. For males, the attenuation was partial as MDMA-conditioned animals with fluoxetine preexposure still displayed a significant reduction in fluid intake compared to controls. Consistent with prior work assessing the interaction of fluoxetine and MDMA, fluoxetine preexposure impacted the ability of MDMA to support taste avoidance learning, specifically attenuating the aversive effect of the drug. Prior work has shown that fluoxetine attenuates MDMA’s positive effects which might lead to reduced intake of the drug; however, the concurrent reduction in the drug’s aversive effects may still shift the overall affective balance of these two affective properties toward continued use and abuse. The fact that the attenuation was only evident in males needs further study to investigate the sex-dependent effects of drug history.
“…One relates to the differential effects of fluoxetine in males and females. In a variety of preparations (both clinical and preclinical), sex differences in fluoxetine have been reported (Kercmar & Majdic, 2014; Leussis et al, 2021; Sramek et al, 2016; Tyagi & Walia, 2017; Zammataro et al, 2017). As such, fluoxetine may have had differential effects during preexposure that impacted the ability of fluoxetine to affect MDMA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To address whether fluoxetine history impacts the aversive effects of MDMA, the present study exposed adult Sprague–Dawley rats to fluoxetine every 4th day for a total of five injections followed by access to a novel saccharin solution paired repeatedly with MDMA. Given previous work reporting sex-dependent effects of fluoxetine (Fernández-Guasti et al, 2017; Kercmar & Majdic, 2014; Leussis et al, 2021; Sramek et al, 2016; Tyagi & Walia, 2017; Zammataro et al, 2017) and MDMA (Asl et al, 2015; Liechti et al, 2001; McCann et al, 1994; Palenicek et al, 2005; Simmler et al, 2011; Verheyden et al, 2002; Walker et al, 2007) as well as sex differences in the onset/frequency of use and in the specific drugs used (see Johnston et al, 2021; SAMHSA, 2021; for a review, Riley et al, 2018), the present assessment of the effects of fluoxetine on MDMA-induced taste avoidance was done in both males and females (for discussions of sex as a biological variable, see Wetherington, 2007, 2010; for reviews, see Becker et al, 2017; Becker & Koob, 2016; Carroll & Lynch, 2016).…”
The use of both prescription and illicit drugs creates the potential for drug interactions as a function of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. One such interaction is that of fluoxetine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in which fluoxetine attenuates the positive-like effects of MDMA. The present work extends the analysis of their interaction by examining the impact of fluoxetine on the aversive effects of MDMA which in balance with its rewarding effects may mediate its abuse potential. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were given fluoxetine (10 mg/kg every 4th day for five injections) prior to taste avoidance training with MDMA (3.2 mg/kg). MDMA induced taste avoidance in males and females (faster acquisition in females). Fluoxetine preexposure attenuated this avoidance in males, but not females. For males, the attenuation was partial as MDMA-conditioned animals with fluoxetine preexposure still displayed a significant reduction in fluid intake compared to controls. Consistent with prior work assessing the interaction of fluoxetine and MDMA, fluoxetine preexposure impacted the ability of MDMA to support taste avoidance learning, specifically attenuating the aversive effect of the drug. Prior work has shown that fluoxetine attenuates MDMA’s positive effects which might lead to reduced intake of the drug; however, the concurrent reduction in the drug’s aversive effects may still shift the overall affective balance of these two affective properties toward continued use and abuse. The fact that the attenuation was only evident in males needs further study to investigate the sex-dependent effects of drug history.
Objective: Synthesis of the salts and diylidenehydrazidеs of 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid to evaluate the antidepressant activities.
Methods:The structures of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and 1Results: All synthesised compounds showed antidepressant activity after single intraperitoneal injection to male mice at doses equimolar to 10 mg/kg of imipramine. One of the compounds, 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid di [(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methylidenehydrazide], reduced the anxiety and decreased the locomotor activity at statistically significant levels. Other compounds did not have sedative and/or stimulating effects.Н NMR spectral data. The melting points of the compounds were determined on a Stuart SMP30 apparatus. The X-ray diffraction data for compound IIc were obtained at room temperature on a Xcalibur Gemini Еos. The antidepressant activity was investigated in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. The locomotor activity and anxiety were studied in the open field test.
Conclusion:Among the synthesised 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, compounds with marked antidepressant activity were identified. An obvious advantage of these products is low toxicity.
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