Influence of Fuel Composition on NMOG-Emissions and Ozone Forming Potential

Kroll, Mark W.; Decker, G.; Hartung, A.; Postulka, A.; Georgi, B.

doi:10.4271/932676

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This was also seen in a small improvement in fuel economy. [Kroll, et al, 1993] CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK Combining variable-conductance vacuum insulation and phase-change heat storage for catalytic converter thermal management is a relatively new approach to reducing cold-start emissions. Earlier papers reported on the thermal performance and some limited emission reductions, but in the present study, NMHC and CO reductions of 84% to 96% were achieved using unleaded gasoline and ethanol.…”

Section: Ftp-75 Emissions Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications and benefits of catalytic converter thermal management

Burch¹,

Keyser²,

Colucci³

et al. 1996

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A catalytic converter thermal management system (TMS) using variable-conductance vacuum insulation and phase-change thermal storage can maintain the converter temperature above its operating temperature for many hours, allowing most trips to begin with minimal "cold-start" emissions. The latest converter TMS prototype was tested on a Ford Taurus (3.0 liter flex-fuel engine) at Southwest Research Institute. Following a 24-hour soak, the FTP-75 emissions were 0.031, 0.13, and 0.066 g/mile for NMHC, CO, and NO X , respectively. Tests were also run using 85% ethanol (E85), resulting in values of 0.005, 0.124, and 0.044 g/mile, and 0.005 g/mile NMOG. Compared to the baseline FTP levels, these values represent reductions of 84% to 96% for NMHC, NMOG, and CO. BACKGROUND

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Section: Ftp-75 Emissions Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonmethane organic gases (NMOG) were estimated using: NMOG = (NMHC + Carbonyls + Alcohols) x RAF, where the Reactivity Adjustment Factor, RAF = 0.67 as reported in SAE 932676 [Kroll, et al, 1993].…”

Section: Ftp-75 Emissions Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and benefits of catalytic converter thermal management

Burch¹,

Keyser²,

Colucci³

et al. 1996

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“…However, little difference in OFP could be distinguished between M85 and low-organic Phase 2 gasoline. An ozone benefit of 25% with M85 replacing gasoline was reported by Kroell et al [31], who also noticed that more than 60% of the overall OFP was contributed by formaldehyde and unburned methanol from M85-fueled vehicles. Improved performance within cold-start and warm-up phase should benefit further abatement of M85 OFP because over 90% of pollutants were formed within this period.…”

Section: Acronymsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects of engine misfire on regulated, unregulated emissions from a methanol-fueled vehicle and its ozone forming potential

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Energy

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“…They do so by introducing reactivity adjustment factors (RAFs) that are to be defined for all relevant alternative fuels in the three LEV emission classes. The RAF is defined as the quotient of the specific reactivity of the alternative fuel (clean fuel) and the specific reactivity of the "reference fuel" for emissions and certificate tests [21,22]:…”

Section: Converter-out Ftp Emissions -mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Oxygen-Enriched Intake Air on FFV Exhaust Emissions Using M85

Poola¹,

Sekar²,

Ng³

et al. 1996

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This paper presents the results of emission tests of a flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) powered by an SI engine, fueled by M85, and supplied with oxygen-enriched intake air containing nominal 21%, 23%, and 25% oxygen (by volume). Emission data were collected by following the standard federal test procedure (FTF') and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) "off-cycle'' test EPA-REPO5. Engine-out total hydrocarbons (THCs) and unburned methanol were considerably reduced in the entire FTP cycle when the oxygen content of the intake air was either 23% or 25%. However, CO emissions did not vary appreciably, and NO, emissions were higher. Formaldehyde emissions were reduced by about 53% in bag 1, 84% in bag 2, and 59% in bag 3 of the FTP cycle when 25% oxygen-enriched intake air was used. During the cold-phase FTP, reductions of about 42% in THCs, 40% in unburned methanol, 60% in nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and 45% in nonmethane organic gases (NMOGs) were observed when 25% oxygen-enriched intake air was used. The corresponding NO, emissions increased by about 78%. In general, converter-out emissions obtained were also reduced when oxygen-enriched intake air was used, but to a lesser degree. Off-cycle, bag 3 converter-out emissions were reduced when 23% oxygen-enriched intake air was used; CO emissions were reduced by about 67%, and THCs were reduced by about 52%. The FFVs operating on M85 that use 25% oxygenenriched intake air during only the initial 127 s of the cold-phase FTP or that use 23% or 25% oxygen-enriched intake air during only the cold-phase FTP can meet (without adjusting for catalyst deterioration factors) the reactivity-adjusted NMOG, CO, NO,, and formaldehyde emission standards of the transitional lowemission vehicle (TLEV).

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Influence of Fuel Composition on NMOG-Emissions and Ozone Forming Potential

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Applications and benefits of catalytic converter thermal management

Applications and benefits of catalytic converter thermal management

Effects of engine misfire on regulated, unregulated emissions from a methanol-fueled vehicle and its ozone forming potential

The Effects of Oxygen-Enriched Intake Air on FFV Exhaust Emissions Using M85

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