Influence of freeze–thaw cycling on the bond strength of steel–FRP lap joints

Environmental durability of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints in civil engineering applications: State of the art

“…The effect of adhesive type on freeze/thaw performance has recently been investigated in [193][194][195].…”

Correction factors for stress intensity of CFRP-strengthened wide-flange steel beams with various crack configurations

“…CFRP sheets or laminates may be bonded to the damaged substrate of a steel girder, usually tensile soffit, using an adhesive. The majority of experimental or analytical investigations into the behavior of steel structures strengthened with CFRP are dedicated to CFRP-steel interface, load-carrying capacity, and failure mode [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Scant endeavors have been made on evaluating the effectiveness of CFRP-strengthening for steel members using the concept of stress intensity.…”

Experimental and numerical study on the effect of humidity-temperature cycling on structural multi-material adhesive joints

“…The authors tested the specimens in order to evaluate their applicability to open-air bridge design, showing how the adhesive bonds absorb moisture from the environment during a long-term exposure. In [16] multi-material, steel -CFRP single lap shear joints were tested in freeze -thaw cycling, by water immersion in 38 • C and cooling to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius (-16 • C). The authors observed a decrease in mechanical performance of the joints and changes in their stiffness, but no decline in tensile strength of the adhesives was reported.…”