Influence of Food Plant of Host on Attractiveness of the Host to Tachinid Parasites with Notes on Preimaginal Conditioning

Monteith, L. G.

doi:10.4039/ent90478-8

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…If prey are mobile and difficult to detect, but their resources are immobile and easy to detect, it can make sense for predators to use resources as an anticipatory method for predicting prey availability. Several studies on other systems have also suggested this possibility (Monteith 1958, Read et al 1970, Vinson 1985, Thomas 1989.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predator and Prey Space Use: Dragonflies and Tadpoles in an Interactive Game

Hammond

Luttbeg

Sih

2007

Ecology

107

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Predator and prey spatial distributions have important population and community level consequences. However, little is known either theoretically or empirically about behavioral mechanisms that underlie the spatial patterns that emerge when predators and prey freely interact. We examined the joint space use and behavioral rules governing movement of freely interacting groups of odonate (dragonfly) predators and two size classes of anuran (tadpole) prey in arenas containing two patches with different levels of the prey's resource. Predator and prey movement and space use was quantified both when they were apart and together. When apart from predators, large tadpoles strongly preferred the high resource patch. When apart from prey, dragonflies weakly preferred the high resource patch. When together, large prey shifted to a uniform distribution, while predators strongly preferred the high resource patch. These patterns qualitatively fit the predictions of several three trophic level, ideal free distribution models. In contrast, the space use of small prey and predators did not deviate from uniform. Three measures of joint space use (spatial correlations, overlap, and co-occurrence) concurred in suggesting that prey avoidance of predators was more important than predator attraction to prey in determining overall spatial patterns. To gain additional insight into behavioral mechanisms, we used a model selection approach to identify behavioral movement rules that can potentially explain the observed, emergent patterns of space use. Prey were more likely to leave patches with more predators and more conspecific competitors; resources had relatively weak effects on prey movements. In contrast, predators were more likely to leave patches with low resources (that they do not consume) and more competing predators; prey had relatively little effect on predator movements. These results highlight the importance of investigating freely interacting predators and prey, the potential for simple game theory models to predict joint spatial distributions, and the utility of using model choice methods to identify potential key factors that govern movement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predator and Prey Space Use: Dragonflies and Tadpoles in an Interactive Game

Hammond

Luttbeg

Sih

2007

Ecology

107

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“…Tachinids respond positively to host plant odors (Monteith 1955(Monteith , 1958(Monteith , 1960Herrebout and van der Veer 1969) and may attack hosts more often in some plant microhabitats than in others (Herrebout 1960;Weseloh 1974b). The polyphagous gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) parasitoid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) parasitizes hosts from groups of trees more often than those from isolated trees (Schwenke 1958), and from the lower canopy of trees more often than the upper canopy (Tigner et al 1974; Barbosa et al 1975).…”

Section: Rcsumcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Some Flea Beetle Pests of Parkland Rapeseed Crops in Open Prairie and Forest in Saskatchewan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Burgess

1982

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 114: 617-622 (1982) Tethered gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), vlaced in various tree microhabitats were most heavilv varasitized b~ Compsilura < .concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) near the ground especially on leaves.In laboratory experiments, hosts were parasitized primarily between 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM (E.S.T.), with little parasitism at night. These data suggest that in the field, this tachinid will most efficiently attack young gypsy moth caterpillars, as instars 1 to 3 are the only ones consistently on or near foliage during daylight. C . concinnata females successfully parasitized young hosts, but larval development on 2nd instars was twice as long as that on 4th instars. Thus, only one generation of parasitoids on gypsy moths is likely per year. Results indicate that methods for improving the effectiveness of this parasitoid should emphasize increasing adult numbers early in the season.

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“…ious chemical and physical cues emitted by the plants are essential for effective location of the host habitat by entomBphages (Monteith 1959(Monteith , 1960. We know, for example, that Heliothis spp.…”

Section: Understanding Chemical Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quest for ecologically based pest management systems

Altieri

Martin

Lewis³

1983

Environmental Management

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/ The article presents a holistic approach to studying and applying crop protection in agricultural systems A theoretical framework of integrated pest management (IPM) is presented that allows an understanding of pest population processes on a wholeagroecological-system basis The need for and emergence of holistic research on agroecosystems is discussed, as are the current trends in ecological theory and pest managementThe search for ways to control the environment is a fundamental drive in human history. At the forefront of these struggles is the quest for ways to deal with agricultural pest organisms. People have experienced direct competition with arthropod pests since the beginning of agricultural activities. In those times, the operation of farms was an art based on field knowledge accumulated from years of experience and transmitted from generation to generation. Primitive farmers lacked elements of refined technology and the capability to produce at a high capacity. Nevertheless, their practices were to a large extent self-sustaining and efficient (Black 1971). Their crop systems were diversfied, and nutrients and other resources were recycled. These farming systems still prevail in many areas of the tropics (Janzen 1973).As scientific advances developed, the resulting technologies were incorporated into agricultural practices. Also, the expanding human population increased the demand for greater production capacities. This led to the increased intensification of agriculture, characterized by even sharper specialization in certain commodities, and a dependence on fossil energy and vast crop monocultures. The fact that the emerging modern crop systems are ecologically unstable and that serious pest problems can be anticipated in such systems has become very apparent (Southwood and Way 1970, van Emden andWilliams 1974).A desire for and expectation of finding a magical cure-all for pest problems fostered a persistent effort toward increasing use of synthetic chemical compounds at the expense of desirable cultural practices and biological regulation concepts (Van den Bosch and Telford 1964). A great deal of valuable ecological lore of the early farmers was lost in the midst of technological advances. Modern agriculturalists have not adequately balanced the pursuit of immediate maximization of crop yields KEY WORDS: Agroecosystems; Integrated pest management (IPM); Holistic approaches; Ecosystem-oriented pest management and profits with an appreciation of the importance of maintaining resource diversity and biological stability as a means of helping sustain relatively high yields on a long-term basis. Moreover, in our educational programs the agroecosystem has been largely viewed as consisting of components to be studied separately by various independent disciplines. Unfortunately, this orientation disregards the holism of the agroecosystem, masking features of the system that could be critical for understanding the complex system interactions that govern the production process. Plant protection is no ...

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Influence of Food Plant of Host on Attractiveness of the Host to Tachinid Parasites with Notes on Preimaginal Conditioning

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Predator and Prey Space Use: Dragonflies and Tadpoles in an Interactive Game

Predator and Prey Space Use: Dragonflies and Tadpoles in an Interactive Game

Occurrence of Some Flea Beetle Pests of Parkland Rapeseed Crops in Open Prairie and Forest in Saskatchewan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

A quest for ecologically based pest management systems

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