Influence of Food Availability on Matrilineal Site Fidelity of Female Asian Black Bears

Kozakai, Chinatsu; Nemoto, Yasuyuki; Nakajima, Ami; Koike, Shinsuke; Ohnishi, Naoki; Yamazaki, Koji

doi:10.3106/041.042.0404

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As with other carnivore families, the common ancestor of modern ursids was almost certainly solitary [70,71] and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Most of these species show a matriline-based spatial distribution in which daughters establish ranges near or overlapping those of their mothers, resulting in spatial clustering of female kin [13][14][15]72]. Dispersal is male-biased.…”

Section: Ursidaementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

Holekamp

Sawdy

2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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We review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. Although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between generations. The resources shared or transmitted range from individual food items and territories to entire networks of potential allies. The greatest elaboration of matrilineal relationships has occurred in two large carnivores, lions and spotted hyenas, which occur sympatrically throughout much of Africa. The societies of both these species apparently evolved in response to a shared suite of ecological conditions. The highly matrilineal societies of spotted hyenas are unique among carnivores and closely resemble the societies of many cercopithecine primates. The conditions favouring the evolution of matrilineal societies in carnivores include male-biased dispersal, female philopatry, the need for assistance in protecting or provisioning offspring, reliance on large or abundant prey, particularly in open habitat, high population density and kin-structured cooperative interactions that have strong positive effects on fitness. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.

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Section: Ursidaementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

Holekamp

Sawdy

2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…To address these questions, we analyzed patterns of masting for each species in terms of horizontal and elevational distance. Thereby, we discuss the relationships between the masting of multiple species and the movement patterns of black bears in the study area; these movement patterns have been reported elsewhere (Koike et al 2012;Kozakai et al 2013aKozakai et al , 2017Nemoto et al 2016;Umemura et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Horizontal and elevational patterns of masting across multiple species in a steep montane landscape from the perspective of forest mammal management

Masaki

Naoe

et al. 2020

Journal of Forest Research

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Masting of trees affects the activity of large mammals that feed on their fruits, but the spatial patterns of masting at the scale of mammal home ranges across multiple tree species have rarely been investigated. Furthermore, the effects of elevation, which may affect site productivity and thereby alter temporal patterns of masting, have often been ignored. We investigated fruit production by 403 trees of six species that are preferred by Asian black bears over 10 years within a 30 × 30-km 2 landscape at 700-1600 m elevations, as well as the horizontal and elevational structures of intraspecies and interspecies synchrony. Higher elevation was related to greater temporal variation in fruiting for Quercus crispula. Among heterospecific relationships, two Quercus species and Swida controversa showed fruiting synchrony, whereas Prunus grayana produced more fruit when Quercus and Swida produced less. Fagus crenata and Castanea crenata did not exhibit masting synchrony, neither positive nor negative, with other species. Spatially, most tested species showed positive autocorrelations with horizontal distance, particularly between close trees (4-10 km), whereas autocorrelations with elevational difference showed negligible spatial structure across elevational distance. Positive spatial correlations between different species were found only for the two Quercus species. These findings imply that variation in movement patterns among individual Asian black bears should be greater in Quercus mast years and that most bears will range more widely than average in non-mast years for Quercus.

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“…This tendency can probably be explained by differences in the dispersal patterns and social systems of males and females. Natal philopatry in female‐ and male‐biased dispersal have been suggested (Ohnishi & Osawa, ), and matrilineal site fidelity has also been detected in black bears (Kozakai et al, ). Additionally, a recent behavioral study also suggested that female tended to avoid farmland more than male (Takahata, Takii, & Izumiyama, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it may also be necessary to consider relationships among individuals not only in terms of sex‐biased dispersal patterns but also with respect to behavior pattern. Strong matrilineal relationships after natal dispersal is suggested in females (Kozakai et al, ) and there are assumed to be certain male–male relationships, although to date these have not been investigated. Furthermore, difference in habitat selection between sexes in each season would tend to cause lower IBD and IBR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape heterogeneity in landform and land use provides functional resistance to gene flow in continuous Asian black bear populations

Ohnishi

Osawa

Yamamoto

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Context Genetic diversity is one of the most important facets of biological diversity, and changes in the spatial pattern of habitats, often modified by human activity, are believed to have affected the genetic diversity of resident natural populations. Objectives We undertook a landscape genetic analysis in order to determine which landscape features influence gene flow within Asian black bear populations and to identify the underlying processes. Methods In our evaluation of gene flow, we estimated four parameters of resistance with regard to landscape elevation: the mean, the difference between the highest and lowest, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation of elevation among individuals. We then examined the resistance effect of different land use types. Results With the exception of mean elevation, we found that all parameters showed a significant relationship with genetic distance, indicating that unevenness in elevation provides functional resistance to gene flow. Although we found no evidence of landscape barriers (isolation‐by‐barrier), there was an indication of landscape resistance (isolation‐by‐resistance). Urban area and farmland are suggested to be the strong factors contributing to the resistance to gene flow, even though isolation‐by‐distance was also detected. When we examined gene flow for pairs of males and pairs of females, both isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance were stronger in order of female pairs, male pairs, all individual pairs. Conclusions We conclude that landscape resistance was detectable with a high contrast in landscape heterogeneity and they are more influential on females than males. OPEN PRACTICES This article has been awarded Open Data badge. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gn0qf16 . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki .

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Influence of Food Availability on Matrilineal Site Fidelity of Female Asian Black Bears

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

Horizontal and elevational patterns of masting across multiple species in a steep montane landscape from the perspective of forest mammal management

Landscape heterogeneity in landform and land use provides functional resistance to gene flow in continuous Asian black bear populations

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