Influence of focus and deflection when comparing electron beam welds to laser welds at varying parameters in 304 SS

Hochanadel, Joris E.; Patterson, Tate; Lippold, John C.; Panton, B.; Johnson, Matthew Q.; Tung, David C.

doi:10.1007/s40194-020-01046-3

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…5b). The weld is characterized by both cellular and locally dendritic-cellular structure, which is the reason for the change in ferrite-δ morphology, as also observed by, e.g., Tokita et al [41] and Hochanadel et al [42]. In the weld, the columnar crystal area is seen to be separated ( Fig.…”

Section: Examination Of Test Jointssupporting

confidence: 71%

Laser welding of austenitic ferrofluid container for the KRAKsat satellite

Janiczak

Pańcikiewicz

2021

Weld World

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The production of a ferrofluid container, intended for use in the KRAKsat (CubeSat type) satellite in space conditions, is presented. Mechanized laser beam welding for AISI 316L stainless steel test joint and container prototype was developed and tested. The welded test joints were examined by non-destructive visual, penetration and radiographic testing and destructive testing by macro- and microscopic examination, static tensile test, static bending test, and hardness measurements. The welded container prototype was examined by leak test, temperature-vacuum test and vibration test. Test joints’ evaluation showed a proper selection of welding parameters and expected quality of joints. Austenitic microstructure with small δ-ferrite content in base materials, heat-affected zones, and welds guarantees sufficient mechanical properties for this part geometry. The tensile strength range of test joints was 687–729 MPa, hardness range was 140–200 HV3, and the bending angle was 180°. Welding of the prototype container and testing of tightness, resistance to temperature changes, and vibration were successful. Compliance with flywheel design and manufacturing requirements will enable the launch of a research satellite into orbit with such a wheel.

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Section: Examination Of Test Jointssupporting

confidence: 71%

Laser welding of austenitic ferrofluid container for the KRAKsat satellite

Janiczak

Pańcikiewicz

2021

Weld World

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Solidification Behavior and Microstructure Evolution in Dissimilar Electron Beam Welds Between Commercially Pure Iron and Nickel

Hochanadel,

Panton,

Fink

et al. 2024

Metall Mater Trans A

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Electron beam welding processes have highly accurate control of both spatial and temporal heating profiles which provide unique capabilities in dissimilar metals joining. In this work, electron beam welds were made between commercially pure nickel and iron to determine the effect of fusion zone composition on solidification behavior and microstructure evolution. The weld was made with a beam deflected in a circular pattern to enable joining and promote mixing. The beam traveled at a shallow angle of approximately 1 deg to the joint interface starting in the nickel and finishing in the iron. The shallow angle created a weld with a composition gradient along its 110 mm length. The solidification behavior and final weld microstructure were characterized using both light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to determine the phase fractions in the fusion zone. A change in solidification mode from face-centered cubic austenite to body-centered cubic ferrite was observed as a function of fusion zone composition. Weld cross-sections containing 65.5 wt pct Fe and 76.9 wt pct Fe had a two-phase fcc + bcc microstructure. Using the compositions and phase fractions, the two-phase region was estimated to be between 56.4 and 79.7 wt pct Fe. Martensite was observed in cross-sections containing between 76.9 wt pct Fe and 98.1 wt pct Fe, which was confirmed using hardness measurements.

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