Influence of experimentally induced endogenous production of cortisol on the immune capacity in swine

Wallgren, Per; Wilén, Inga-Lill; Fossum, Caroline

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)90075-2

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…High circulatory levels are usually associated with a suppression of proliferation in situations of acute stress (Wallgren et al, 1993), but this effect is much less obvious in situations of longlasting stress (de Groot et al, 2000;Couret et al, 2009b). Differences in lymphocyte proliferation may be induced by differences in the level of immune stimulation of pigs, because of differences in their microbial environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Merlot

Vincent

Thomas

et al. 2012

Animal

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Since decades, production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or body composition have been drastically increased in pigs by genetic selection. Whether this selection impacted animal robustness is still unclear. In this study, we compared Large White (LW) pigs, a breed submitted to intense genetic selection for production traits, and Basque (B) pigs, a local rustic breed, reared in two different housing environments (conventionalv.enriched). Adaptation to housing conditions among each breed was evaluated at the level of endocrine and immune traits. These are known to be impacted by housing conditions and breed; however, the interaction effects between genotype and environment are less described. Animals (20 per breed and housing environment) entered the experiment at 35 kg of live weight. Levels of cortisol, acute-phase inflammatory proteins, immunoglobulins and hydrogen peroxide, blood formula, lymphocyte proliferation andin-vitrocytokine expression were measured at ∼115 kg of live weight. Animals were checked for skin injuries during the growing period. At slaughter, at the average live weight of 145 kg, carcasses were examined for pathological conditions of the respiratory tract. The major result was that the two breeds exhibited differences in response to the housing environment. Among the 24 sanitary, endocrine or immune traits investigated, the housing conditions affected eight variables in both breeds (salivary cortisol at 0700 and 1900 h, severity of pneumonia at slaughter) or only in B pigs (severe skin lesions) or LW pigs (salivary cortisol at 1500 h, granulocyte numbers and lymphocyte/granulocyte ratio and lymphocyte proliferation). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that selection for high meat production level might be associated with an increased susceptibility of animals to environmental stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Merlot

Vincent

Thomas

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Bacterial infections, including A. pleuropneumoniae infection of swine, cause an increase in cortisol production [33][34][35][36]. This increase in plasma cortisol levels has been postulated to be responsible for the lack of systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines following A. pleuropneumoniae infection [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Cytokines, Pleuropneumonia Infection and the Effect of Dexamethasone

Myers

Farrell²,

Snider³

et al. 2003

Pathobiology

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Objectives:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes an often fatal infection of swine due to pleuropneumonia. To determine if inflammatory cytokines are associated with A. pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia, infected and noninfected animals were concomitantly administered saline or dexamethasone. Methods: Twenty-four swine were treated with saline, A. pleuropneumoniae, dexamethasone, or A. pleuropneumoniae and dexamethasone (n = 6). The plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were examined through time of necropsy (72 h). Gross pathology and histopathology was performed on all animals. Results: Dexamethasone had no effect on A. pleuropneumoniae-induced increases in lung/body weight ratios. Gross pathology of the infected pigs included fibrinous pleuropneumonia with necrosis and hemorrhage in a focal to a multifocal pattern. Histopathology of infected pig lungs revealed necrotizing extensive, fibrinopurulent pneumonia with edema and fibrinopurulent pleuritis. Plasma IL-6 levels were elevated in A. pleuropneumoniae-infected animals beginning 6 h after infection. Dexamethasone treatment did not alter A. pleuropneumoniae-induced plasma IL-6 levels. A. pleuropneumoniae infection did not elicit plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, or IL-10. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pneumonia caused by A. pleuropneumoniae infection is not due to the release of systemic inflammatory cytokines.

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“…The fact that psychosocial events affect primarily the proliferation to ConA, but less to LPS stimulation may reflect differences in cell populations stimulated by mitogens. ConA is known to stimulate T-cell division, whereas LPS has an effect on B lymphocytes, reflecting that T lymphocytes seem to be more affected by acute stress than B lymphocytes [19,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses to Acute Endotoxemia in Suckling and Weaned Piglets

Kanitz

Tuchscherer

et al. 2002

Neonatology

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The objective of this study was to characterize effects of weaning stress on behavioural, endocrine and immune responses to acute peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in neonatal pigs. Weaning in 28-day-old piglets was accompanied by a significant increase in ACTH concentrations (p = 0.0378) and an increase in basal cortisol level (p = 0.0135). There was also a significant suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation in response to concanavalin A (p = 0.0048) in newly weaned piglets. Peripheral administration of LPS induced vomiting, diarrhoea and somnolence in both suckling and weaned piglets. The frequency of these signs of sickness was significantly higher in weaned piglets compared with suckling piglets (p = 0.0049). Additionally, LPS significantly increased plasma concentrations of TNF-α, cortisol and ACTH. While weaned piglets reacted to LPS with a higher release of ACTH (p = 0.0239) and cortisol (p = 0.0015) than suckling piglets there was no significant effect of weaning on the magnitude of TNF-α. The present data indicate that weaning suppresses the lymphocyte function, causes changes in endocrine regulation and has a substantial effect on the behavioural and endocrine response to an acute peripheral LPS challenge; consequently it could increase disease susceptibility.

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Influence of experimentally induced endogenous production of cortisol on the immune capacity in swine

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Inflammatory Cytokines, Pleuropneumonia Infection and the Effect of Dexamethasone

Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses to Acute Endotoxemia in Suckling and Weaned Piglets

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