Influence of expandable graphite particle size on the synergy flame retardant property between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Li, Jie; Mo, Xuehua; Li, Yi; Zou, Huawei; Liang, Mei; Chen, Yang

doi:10.1007/s00289-018-2309-y

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, RPUFs flame-retardants are generally enhanced by additives and reactive flame-retardants. Various flame-retardant additives are based on phosphorous, nitrogen and inorganic compounds, such as modified red phosphorus [ 1 ], expanded graphite (EG) [ 2 , 3 ], ammonium polyphosphate [ 4 , 5 ], melamine [ 3 ] and intumescent flame-retardants [ 6 , 7 ]. Recently, silicone flame-retardants have acquired increasing applicability for their high efficiency, environmental friendliness, antidripping effects and smoke suppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Synergistic Effect of Ionic Liquid-Modified Expandable Graphite and Intumescent Flame-Retardant on Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a nitrogen–phosphorus intumescent flame-retardant 3-(N-diphenyl phosphate) amino propyl triethoxy silane (DPES), the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole phosphate, and a phosphorous-containing ionic liquid-modified expandable graphite (IL-EG), were synthesized, and their molecular structures were characterized. The flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were compounded with synergistic flame-retardant IL-EG/DPES to study the effects of the combination IL-EG and DPES on the pore structure, mechanical properties, thermal decomposition behavior and thermal decomposition mechanism of RPUF. The results showed that IL-EG/DPES had good thermal stability, and an excellent expansibility and char yield. The flame-retardant RPUF, modified with IL-EG and DPES at the ratio of 1:1, had a relatively uniform pore size, the highest compressive strength, and an excellent flame-retardant performance due to the form interwoven hydrogen bonds between IL-EG and DPES, as well as the new synergistic flame-retardant coating on the RPUF surface to restrict the transfer of gas or heat into the PU matrix.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fire-retardant properties of RPUFs were improved due to the barrier effect of EG and residual char [ 3 ]. Furthermore, the larger particle size of EG exhibited a superior synergistic effect and larger expansion ratio, as it formed a compacted, united protective layer, which enhanced the flame-retardant property of RPUFs [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Ionic Liquid-Modified Expandable Graphite and Intumescent Flame-Retardant on Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[16][17][18] The flame retardant efficiency of EG mainly depends on its addition amount and particle size. 19 EG expands when heated and then forms a worm-like protective char layer in the condensed phase, which can reduce the conduction of heat and oxygen and isolate the matrix from heat. 20,21 However, the formed loose "graphite worms" residual char are easy to collapse, which may lead to a decrease of char yield and reduce the flame retardant efficiency of EG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an efficient ternary flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foam based on bi‐phase flame retardant effect

Chen

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) were prepared by using modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) combined with expandable graphite (EG) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The thermal stability, flame retardant property, and mechanical property of flame-retardant RPUF were evaluated based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimetry tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compressive strength tests. The results showed that an efficient ternary flame retardant system, DMMP/EG/MAPP, for rigid polyurethane foam was constructed. When the ratio of DMMP/EG/MAPP was 4/12/4, the cell size of RPUF composite was the most homogeneous, and the LOI value of RPUF composite reached 31.9%. The peak heat release and total smoke release value decreased to 97 kW/m 2 and 347 m 2 /m 2 , respectively. The RPUF composites with 4%DMMP/12%EG/4%MAPP exhibited the best flame retardant property because DMMP/EG/MAPP played great free radical quenching effect in the gas phase by releasing the POÁ and PO 2 Á free radicals during the whole combustion process. Meanwhile, the compact char layer with "connected worm-like" structure exerted barrier effect in the condensed phase.

show abstract

“…According to the data about vehicle fire accidents in China, the amounts of auto spontaneous combustion have been increasing year by year; lots of people suffer injuries or deaths in these accidents because the rapid combustion rate of the interior parts and the toxic volatile gas from the polymer materials [9][10][11]. In fact, water-blown SPUF has low thermal stability and is inflammable because its molecules contain more easily decomposed urea bond structure; as a result, the improvement of the fire behavior of water-blown SPUF has been an important subject [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Water-Blow Polyurethane Foam

Yao

Zhang

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this research, expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were incorporated into water-blow semirigid polyurethane foam (SPUF) as flame retardants. The synergistic flame retardant effects of EG with APP in SPUF had been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal burning test, polarizing microscope, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that APP and EG used together in SPUF could effectively improve the flame retardancy of SPUF. When the EG to APP ratio reached 2 : 1 under the total content of flame retardants was kept constant as 20%, the LOI value was increased by about 51% compared to pure SPUF, 2.9% to SPUF/EG and 16.3% to SPUF/APP. Besides, the residual char was increased up to 27.7% displayed by TG test results. SEM shows that burned residues of EG/APP/SPUF present more compact char and worm-like structure. Furthermore, EG shows negative effect on the mechanical property of SPUF with 21.7% decrease in compression modulus, but the mechanical property can be improved by the addition of appropriate content of APP.

show abstract

Influence of expandable graphite particle size on the synergy flame retardant property between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

The Synergistic Effect of Ionic Liquid-Modified Expandable Graphite and Intumescent Flame-Retardant on Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams

The Synergistic Effect of Ionic Liquid-Modified Expandable Graphite and Intumescent Flame-Retardant on Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Construction of an efficient ternary flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foam based on bi‐phase flame retardant effect

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Water-Blow Polyurethane Foam

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About