“…The evaluation of writing proficiency among secondary school students has included an examination of cognitive intelligence (Côté, 2017;Esmaeili et al, 2018;Pishghadam, 2009;Rad et al, 2014). Furthermore, studies have shown that non-cognitive factors, such as attitude, motivation, personality traits, self-regulation, resilience, and social and emotional skills, can also influence academic performance (Ali & Mohammed, 2020;Cachia et al, 2018;Downey et al, 2008;Patel, 2017;Petrides et al, 2007;Simonet et al, 2021). Scholars who approach writing from an EI perspective, like Zimmerman and Risemberg (1996), argue that the motivation to write requires effort and attention.…”