Influence of electron beam oscillation parameters on the formation of details by electron beam metal wire deposition method

Gudenko, A. V.; Слива, А. П.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1109/1/012037

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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Section: Description Of the Model And Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a smoothed field makes it possible to reduce the influence of errors in estimation of normals and their divergence due to finite-difference digitization of the calculation area. Figure 2 graphically shows the values included in the expression (12). The vapor recoil pressure was calculated as the saturated vapor pressure at the liquid surface in accordance with the Antoine's equation.…”

Section: Description Of the Model And Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the mathematical model intended for the analysis of hydrodynamic processes included in this complex should provide the study of the motion of the free surface of the melt under the influence of an oscillating beam. For example, when using the saw-tooth shape of the deflecting coils current and a sufficient degree of beam focusing, it is possible to ensure directional metal transfer; which, in turn, allows the formation of deposited layers of greater height and smaller width from the filler material than in the absence of oscillation [12]. To study the transfer process, it is necessary to develop a model that takes into account the effect of surface tension forces and vapor recoil pressure on the free metal surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Model for Metal Transfer Study in Additive Manufacturing with Electron Beam Oscillation

et al. 2021

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A computer model has been developed to investigate the processes of heat and mass transfer under the influence of concentrated energy sources on materials with specified thermophysical characteristics, including temperature-dependent ones. The model is based on the application of the volume of fluid (VOF) method and finite-difference approximation of the Navier–Stokes differential equations formulated for a viscous incompressible medium. The “predictor-corrector” method has been used for the coordinated determination of the pressure field which corresponds to the continuity condition and the velocity field. The modeling technique of the free liquid surface and boundary conditions has been described. The method of calculating surface tension forces and vapor recoil pressure has been presented. The algorithm structure is given, the individual modules of which are currently implemented in the Microsoft Visual Studio environment. The model can be applied for studying the metal transfer during the deposition processes, including the processes with electron beam spatial oscillation. The model was validated by comparing the results of computational experiments and images obtained by a high-speed camera.

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Section: Description Of the Model And Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Model And Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Model for Metal Transfer Study in Additive Manufacturing with Electron Beam Oscillation

et al. 2021

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“…In order to avoid pores in the weld, the authors of [5,6] suggest using a sharp beam focus to form a narrower weld. This procedure can be used only for parts with a thickness of 20 mm since an increase in thickness would lead to the formation of defects in the root of the seam.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the technological parameters of electron-beam welding of high-strength titanium alloys

Fedosov,

Karpovych

2023

EEJET

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It is usually quite difficult to carry out deep penetration of thick-walled products from titanium alloys using conventional welding technologies. In this study, it was proposed to use electron beam welding under high vacuum conditions for the realization of 40 mm thick melting of VT23, VT3-1 alloys. This paper considers the possibility of obtaining high-quality welded joints from high-strength titanium alloys having (a+β) two-phase structures. For the implementation of research works, samples were made from selected materials, samples were welded according to the specified modes, metallographic analysis was performed, and the level of mechanical properties was determined. The research results were verified under laboratory conditions. The technological features of the processes of electron-beam welding of products with a thickness of 40 mm were considered; the parameters affecting the weldability of titanium alloys and their structure were determined. The welded samples were checked by X-ray non-destructive testing, the microstructure of the welds was studied, and the physical and mechanical properties of the welded joints were checked. It was established that a feature of titanium alloys VT3-1, VT23 is the need for heat treatment after welding under the base metal regimes to improve the characteristics of the welded joint. The resulting strength limit of the alloys after heat treatment reached values of 1250 MPa and more, while the impact toughness was at the level of 48–50 J·cm-2. Modeling the welding process has made it possible to ensure the reproducibility of the characteristics of the welded joint at a level close to that of the base metal, to increase the quality indicators of welded joints, and to reduce the time required to test the technology. The studies of simulator samples showed compliance of the quality of welded joints with the predefined parameters.

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“…Wide beads can be achieved especially at high current, while high beads can be produced by a big amount of wire per unit length. Sliva et al [67], Gudenko et al [68], and Dragunov et al [69] pointed out the importance of beam oscillation parameters on the weld bead formation. By using concentric beam oscillations, the change of oscillation parameters (e.g., amplitude) together with beam current, the electron beam energy distribution and thus the distribution of energy input in the active zone can be adjusted.…”

Section: Dimension Of Single Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire-Based Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Using Electron Beam Technique

et al. 2020

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Electron beam freeform fabrication is a wire feed direct energy deposition additive manufacturing process, where the vacuum condition ensures excellent shielding against the atmosphere and enables processing of highly reactive materials. In this work, this technique is applied for the α + β-titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V to determine suitable process parameter for robust building. The correlation between dimensions and the dilution of single beads based on selected process parameters, leads to an overlapping distance in the range of 70–75% of the bead width, resulting in a multi-bead layer with a uniform height and with a linear build-up rate. Moreover, the stacking of layers with different numbers of tracks using an alternating symmetric welding sequence allows the manufacturing of simple structures like walls and blocks. Microscopy investigations reveal that the primary structure consists of epitaxial grown columnar prior β-grains, with some randomly scattered macro and micropores. The developed microstructure consists of a mixture of martensitic and finer α-lamellar structure with a moderate and uniform hardness of 334 HV, an ultimate tensile strength of 953 MPa and rather low fracture elongation of 4.5%. A subsequent stress relief heat treatment leads to a uniform hardness distribution and an extended fracture elongation of 9.5%, with a decrease of the ultimate strength to 881 MPa due to the fine α-lamellar structure produced during the heat treatment. Residual stresses measured by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction shows after deposition 200–450 MPa in tension in the longitudinal direction, while the stresses reach almost zero when the stress relief treatment is carried out.

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Influence of electron beam oscillation parameters on the formation of details by electron beam metal wire deposition method

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Mathematical Model for Metal Transfer Study in Additive Manufacturing with Electron Beam Oscillation

Mathematical Model for Metal Transfer Study in Additive Manufacturing with Electron Beam Oscillation

Determining the technological parameters of electron-beam welding of high-strength titanium alloys

Wire-Based Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Using Electron Beam Technique

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