“…[4][5][6][7] RRAM technologies are of particular interest due to its high density, low cost, low power consumption, fast switching speed, and simple cell structure (ideally a cross-bar architecture). [8][9][10] RRAM based on silicon oxide (SiO x ) stands out among other RRAM because it has a unique unipolar operation mode, high on/off ratio, excellent scalability, good high temperature performance, and compatibility with standard CMOS technology. 11 Much work has been done to optimize the structure, fabrication procedure, dielectric material, and to understand the operating mechanisms of SiO x -based RRAM.…”