Influence of electric-magnetic compound field on the WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Wang, Liang; Yao, Jianhua; Hu, Yong; Zhang, Qunli; Sun, Zhuo; Liu, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.01.116

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, it is difficult to prepare a WC-reinforced composite coating with a uniform distribution, due to the different densities of the metal matrix and the WC particles. Mechanical vibration, ultrasonic, magnetic fields, and other auxiliary methods [13][14][15] can be used to control the microstructural evolution of ceramic-reinforced composite coatings, so as to achieve a uniform distribution of ceramic particles in the composite coating. However, it is still difficult to implement practical industrial applications for these methods, owing to the shortcomings of the equipment and the environmental constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding

Zhang

Pang

2019

Metals

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WC-reinforced Ni60 composite coatings with different types of WC particles were prepared on 304 stainless steel surface by laser cladding. The influences of spherical WC, shaped WC, and flocculent WC on the microstructures and properties of composite coatings were investigated. The results showed that three types of WC particles distribute differently in the cladding coatings, with spherical WC particles stacking at the bottom, shaped WC aggregating at middle and lower parts, with flocculent WC particles dispersing homogeneously. The hardnesses, wear resistances, corrosion resistances, and thermal shock resistances of the coatings are significantly improved compared with the stainless steel substrate, regardless of the type of WC that is added, and especially with regard to the microhardness of the cladding coating; the addition of spherical or shaped WC particles can be up to 2000 HV0.05 in some areas. Flocculent WC, shaped WC, and spherical WC demonstrate large to small improvements in that order. From the results mentioned above, the addition of flocculent WC can produce a cladding coating with a uniform distribution of WC that is of higher quality compared with those from spherical WC and shaped WC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding

Zhang

Pang

2019

Metals

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“…Moreover, such composites show satisfactory cohesion between hard WC phases and the matrix of Ni solution, due to good wettability of WC particles by the Ni-based alloys. The process of laser cladding is considered as advantageous for manufacturing the composite clad layers due to low heat input, thus limited reaction between the ceramic phases and the metallic matrix [11][12][13][14]. However, even in the case of laser cladding, especially in the output power range of several kilowatts, the heat input may be too high producing unfavourable microstructure due to partial and even complete melting of WC particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also point that it is the biggest obstacle to engineering applications of such composite coatings. Various methods for providing the uniform distribution of ceramic particles in the composite coatings, such mechanical vibration, ultrasonic, magnetic fields were studied and described in the literature [13]. Li et al demonstrated an original technique of laser cladding of WC-Ni composite coatings assisted by micro-vibrations generated by a vibration exciter system made of magneto strictive materials [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

Lisiecki

Ślizak²

2021

Materials

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of forced and localized cooling by nitrogen vapours stream under cryogenic conditions during laser deposition of WC-Ni powder on the geometry, microstructure of clad layers and dry sliding wear resistance of the coatings. For this purpose, comparative tests were performed by conventional laser cladding at free cooling conditions in ambient air and by the developed novel process of laser deposition with additional localized cooling of the solidifying deposit by nitrogen vapours stream. Due to presence of gaseous nitrogen in the region of the melt pool and solidifying deposit, the process was considered as combining laser cladding and laser gas nitriding (performed simultaneously), thus the hybrid process. The influence of the heat input and cooling conditions on the geometrical features, dilution rate, share of carbides relative to the matrix, and the fraction share of carbides, as well as hardness profiles on cross sections of single stringer beads was analysed and presented. The XRD, EDS analysis and the sieve test of the experimental powder were used to characterize the composite WC-Ni type powder. The OM, SEM, EDS and XRD test methods were used to study the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of clad layers. Additionally, ball-on-disc tests were performed to determine the wear resistance of representative coatings under dry sliding conditions. The results indicate that the novel demonstrated technique of localized forced cooling of the solidifying deposit has advantageous effect, because it provides approximately 20% lower penetration depth and dilution, decreases tendency for tungsten carbides decomposition, provides more uniform distribution and higher share of massive eutectic W2C-WC carbides across the coating. While the conventionally laser cladded layers show tendency for decomposition of carbide particles and resolidifying dendritic complex carbides mainly M2C, M3C and M7C3 containing iron, nickel, and tungsten, and with Ni/Ni3B matrix. The quantitative relationship between heat input, cooling conditions and the carbides grain size distribution as well as carbides share in relation to the matrix was determined.

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“…These metal matrix composites are commonly designed to enhance performance, often with reduced weight, in structural, wear, and thermal management applications for space, aviation, automotive, mining, power generation and other industries [5,6]. Additive manufacturing techniques have been used to fabricate different metal matrix composites and functionally graded materials using materials in the form of pre-blended and preplaced powder [7], a wire-powder system [8], a powder-melt injection/blown system [9] and direct metal droplet [10]. In powder blown system, monolithic or pre-blended/simply mixed powders are continuously injected into an energy generated melt pool to fabricate part on a programmable substrate, while in wire-powder system, the materials required for fabrication of part are fed into the melt pool in the form of wire and powder, to manipulate the composition of the part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of metal matrix composites by direct energy deposition of ‘satellited’ powders

Farayibi

Abioye

Kennedy

et al. 2019

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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Limited research has been undertaken investigating the material design freedoms that are granted through the use of additive manufacturing methods, especially the development of materials specifically formulated for additive processes. In this study, a new material combination was evaluated for use with directed energy deposition methods. Here, a Ti-6Al-4V powder is processed in combination with a much finer titanium diboride powder following a satelliting procedure. The resulting combination consists of large Ti-6Al-4V particles encased in finer titanium diboride. Deposited composites exhibit TiB needles associated with increased hardness. Processing conditions are detailed which permit the deposition of the prepared feedstock onto Ti-6Al-4V substrates. Microstructural characterisation revealed that the composite was made up of eutectic TiB precipitates dispersed in α-β Ti matrix with few partially melted Ti-6Al-4V and TiB2 particles. Satelliting TiB2 powder onto Ti-6Al-4V particle surfaces has significantly improved the homogeneity of composite which is characterised with randomly oriented and uniform distribution of TiB needles in the microstructure. Hardness of composites ranged between 440-480 HV. Hence, the feedstock preparation method proposed has been found to be effective and can be adapted for low cost and rapid formulation of a host of materials for processing by additive manufacture.

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Influence of electric-magnetic compound field on the WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Cited by 49 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding

Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

Development of metal matrix composites by direct energy deposition of ‘satellited’ powders

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