Influence of Drugs on Cognitive Functions

Juárez-Portilla, Claudia; Molina-Jiménez, Tania; Morin, Jean‐Pascal; Roldán-Roldán, Gabriel; Zepeda, Rossana Citlali

doi:10.5772/intechopen.71842

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Alcohol alone has been reported to increase the desire to have sex and to initiate or participate in sex [ 22 - 24 ]. The use of intravenous drugs or other illicit substances has also been reported to increase cognitive inhibition [ 25 ] and poor behavioural judgment [ 26 ]. Several illicit drugs, such as opium, produce intense feelings of pleasure, which could directly stimulate feelings of sexual desire and pleasure [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

Rizkianti

Maisya

Kusumawardani

et al. 2020

J Prev Med Public Health

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Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors. Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision. Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

Rizkianti

Maisya

Kusumawardani

et al. 2020

J Prev Med Public Health

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“…47 There has been a growing body of evidence which points towards neurocognitive decline due to drug misuse. [48][49][50] Social drug misuse frequently involves drug takers in various risktaking behaviors. 51 Some studies have shown that low to moderate alcohol consumption may facilitate cognition;- 52,53 others have shown that it impairs cognition 54 or produces no change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence and Predictors of Neurocognitive Impairment in Ethiopian Population Living with HIV</p>

Salahuddin¹,

Manzar²,

Hassen³

et al. 2020

HIV

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Background: Modern antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancies of people living with HIV; however, the prevention and treatment of their associated neurocognitive decline have remained a challenge. Consequently, it is desirable to investigate the prevalence and predictors of neurocognitive impairment to help in targeted screening and disease prevention. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four people living with HIV were interviewed in a study using a cross-sectional design and the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS). Additionally, the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics of the patients were recorded. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the level of significance among the independent risk factors and probable neurocognitive impairment. Results: The point prevalence of neurocognitive impairment was found to be 39.3%. Participants' characteristics of being older than 40 years (AOR= 2.81 (95% CI; 1.11-7.15)), having a history of recreational drug use (AOR= 13.67 (95% CI; 6.42-29.13)), and being non-compliant with prescribed medications (AOR= 2.99 (95% CI; 1.01-8.87)) were independent risk factors for neurocognitive impairment. Conclusion: The identification of predictors, in the Ethiopian people living with HIV, may help in the targeted screening of vulnerable groups during cART follow-up visits. This may greatly help in strategizing and implementation of the prevention program, more so, because (i) HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is an asymptomatic condition for considerable durations, and (ii) clinical trials on neurocognitive impairment therapies have been unsuccessful.

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“…Rather than a regular daily pattern of chronic MP administration, healthy individuals may consume MP only during peak periods when its cognitive-enhancing effects are desired (Beyer, Staunton, & Moodley, 2014;Franke, Lieb, & Hildt, 2012;Juárez-Portilla, Molina-Jiménez, Morin, Roldán-Roldán, & Zepeda, 2018;Urban & Gao, 2017). These patterns of use are also evident in individuals with ADHD who are prescribed MP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief and extended abstinence from chronic oral methylphenidate treatment produces reversible behavioral and physiological effects

Kalinowski

Connor

Somanesan

et al. 2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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Methylphenidate (MP) is a commonly prescribed psychostimulant to individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and is often used illicitly among healthy individuals with intermittent breaks to coincide with breaks from school. This study examined how intermittent abstinence periods impact the physiological and behavioral effects of chronic oral MP self‐administration in rats, and whether these effects persist following prolonged abstinence from the drug. Rats were treated orally with water, low‐dose (LD), or high‐dose (HD) MP, beginning at PND 28. This daily access continued for three consecutive weeks followed by a 1‐week abstinence; after three repeats of this cycle, there was a 5‐week abstinence period. Throughout the study, we examined body weight, food intake, locomotor activity, and anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviors. During the treatment phase, HD MP decreased body weight, food intake, and depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors, while it increased locomotor activity. During intermittent abstinence, the effects of MP on locomotor activity were eliminated. During prolonged abstinence, most of the effects of HD MP were ameliorated to control levels, with the exception of weight loss and anxiolytic effects. These findings suggest that intermittent exposure to chronic MP causes physiological and behavioral effects that are mostly reversible following prolonged abstinence.

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Influence of Drugs on Cognitive Functions

Cited by 18 publications

References 102 publications

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

<p>Prevalence and Predictors of Neurocognitive Impairment in Ethiopian Population Living with HIV</p>

Brief and extended abstinence from chronic oral methylphenidate treatment produces reversible behavioral and physiological effects

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