“…3, different grades of rapeseed oil samples were distributed in the four corners of the PCA diagram. Compared with other VOCs, the feature variables of characteristic substances (markers 5,14,29,13,24,28,36,38,40,42,44,53) were more important compounds, because their positions were further apart from the origin of coordinates. Some characteristic variables that could be used to distinguish first grade and second grade rapeseed oil samples (e.g.…”