Abstract:Nowadays, the encapsulation of sensitive products by various techniques has become popular as a promising preservation method. In particular, this applies to oils with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a high susceptibility to deterioration. This work presents the possibility of using a chitosan and sodium alginate in the form of a hydrogel membrane to protect food ingredients such as linseed oil, which is stored in an aquatic environment. The obtained results showed the high efficiency of the coax… Show more
“…Chitosan (poly-β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy- d -glucose) has the advantage of easy modification (grafting with various functional groups), so it can be easily transformed to the appropriate adsorbent each time. Some of its unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity, along with its adsorption ability, turn chitosan into a very promising and eco-friendly adsorbent material [26,27,28,29,30], which can be also combined with agro-wastes (coffee) for pharmaceutical removal [31]. Our research team has been extensively studying the use of chitosan in adsorption applications (i.e., for environmental pollutants such as dyes [32,33,34,35,36], heavy metals [37,38,39,40,41,42], and drugs [43]).…”
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the synthesis of some cross-linked carboxyl-grafted chitosan derivatives to be used as selective adsorbents for diclofenac (DCF) pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous mixtures. Four different materials were synthesized using succinic anhydride (CsSUC), maleic anhydride (CsMAL), itaconic acid (CsITA), and trans-aconitic acid (CsTACON) as grafting agents. After synthesis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed before and after DCF adsorption. In addition, a complete adsorption evaluation was carried out for all materials studying some important parameters. The optimum pH was 4; the amino groups of DCF can be protonated at pH = 4 (–NH+), so this groups can easily attract the clear negatively carboxyl moieties (–COO−) of the chitosan adsorbents. The Qm for CsTACON was higher than those of the other materials, at all temperatures studied. By altering the temperature from 25 to 35 °C, an increase (16%) of Qm (from 84.56 to 98.34 mg g−1) was noted, while similar behavior was revealed after a further increase of temperature from 35 to 45 °C, improving by 5% (from 98.34 to 102.75 mg g−1). All isotherms were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) models). In addition, a kinetic model was proposed taking into account not only the interactions but also the diffusivity of the molecule (DCF) into the polymeric network. The behavior of the prepared chitosan materials in simultaneously removing other compounds (synergetic or antagonistic) was also evaluated by experiments performed in mixtures. DCF presented the highest removal from the mixture in the order: CsTACON (92.8%) > CsITA (89.5%) > CsSUC (80.9%) > CsMAL (66.2%) compared to other pharmaceutical compounds (salicylic acid, ibuprofen and ketoprofen). Desorption was achieved by using different eluants (either water or organic). The highest desorption ability was found for acetone (100% for CsTACON, CsSUC, CsMAL and 77% for CsITA) for all materials.
“…Chitosan (poly-β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy- d -glucose) has the advantage of easy modification (grafting with various functional groups), so it can be easily transformed to the appropriate adsorbent each time. Some of its unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity, along with its adsorption ability, turn chitosan into a very promising and eco-friendly adsorbent material [26,27,28,29,30], which can be also combined with agro-wastes (coffee) for pharmaceutical removal [31]. Our research team has been extensively studying the use of chitosan in adsorption applications (i.e., for environmental pollutants such as dyes [32,33,34,35,36], heavy metals [37,38,39,40,41,42], and drugs [43]).…”
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the synthesis of some cross-linked carboxyl-grafted chitosan derivatives to be used as selective adsorbents for diclofenac (DCF) pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous mixtures. Four different materials were synthesized using succinic anhydride (CsSUC), maleic anhydride (CsMAL), itaconic acid (CsITA), and trans-aconitic acid (CsTACON) as grafting agents. After synthesis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed before and after DCF adsorption. In addition, a complete adsorption evaluation was carried out for all materials studying some important parameters. The optimum pH was 4; the amino groups of DCF can be protonated at pH = 4 (–NH+), so this groups can easily attract the clear negatively carboxyl moieties (–COO−) of the chitosan adsorbents. The Qm for CsTACON was higher than those of the other materials, at all temperatures studied. By altering the temperature from 25 to 35 °C, an increase (16%) of Qm (from 84.56 to 98.34 mg g−1) was noted, while similar behavior was revealed after a further increase of temperature from 35 to 45 °C, improving by 5% (from 98.34 to 102.75 mg g−1). All isotherms were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) models). In addition, a kinetic model was proposed taking into account not only the interactions but also the diffusivity of the molecule (DCF) into the polymeric network. The behavior of the prepared chitosan materials in simultaneously removing other compounds (synergetic or antagonistic) was also evaluated by experiments performed in mixtures. DCF presented the highest removal from the mixture in the order: CsTACON (92.8%) > CsITA (89.5%) > CsSUC (80.9%) > CsMAL (66.2%) compared to other pharmaceutical compounds (salicylic acid, ibuprofen and ketoprofen). Desorption was achieved by using different eluants (either water or organic). The highest desorption ability was found for acetone (100% for CsTACON, CsSUC, CsMAL and 77% for CsITA) for all materials.
“…They exhibited interesting results in combination with alginate for oil capsule production [39,52]. The addition of chitosan as an additional coating material for kenaf seed oil and ginger oil alginate capsules permitted to reduce the shell porosity [37,39]. This was similarly observed for soy protein isolates added to alginate [38].…”
Section: Reduced Oxidationmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…Several research works have studied the oxidative stability of different oils, with or without antioxidant addition in the hydrophobic phase and with various shell material composition [32,41,47], Oil oxidation was generally evaluated through the determination of the peroxide value (PV) and the anisidine value (p-AV) that indicate primary oxidation and secondary oxidation, respectively [37,49]. According to Table 2, most oils encapsulated by coextrusion had reduced values of oxidation indicators, and for most of them, less bioactives' loss was reported.…”
Encapsulation is used in various industries to protect active molecules and control the release of the encapsulated materials. One of the structures that can be obtained using coextrusion encapsulation methods is the core–shell capsule. This review focuses on coextrusion encapsulation applications for the preservation of oils and essential oils, probiotics, and other bioactives. This technology isolates actives from the external environment, enhances their stability, and allows their controlled release. Coextrusion offers a valuable means of preserving active molecules by reducing oxidation processes, limiting the evaporation of volatile compounds, isolating some nutrients or drugs with undesired taste, or stabilizing probiotics to increase their shelf life. Being environmentally friendly, coextrusion offers significant application opportunities for the pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture sectors.
“…Similar results have been reported for the inhibition effect of microencapsulation of flaxseed oil with chitosan or sodium alginate on acidity increase. It has been reported that encapsulation with chitosan was more effective in acidity control in flaxseed oil than with sodium alginate [ 21 ]. Fig.…”
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