Influence of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizer Ratios on the Agronomic and Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet

Abstract

Foxtail millet is highly valued in China; however, its optimal fertilization parameters are unknown. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer combinations on foxtail millet agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality to promote rational fertilizer application. Pot experiments were conducted using the “3414” fertilizer effect scheme and the representative crop variety was JG21, containing four NPK levels and 20 replicates per treatment, individually. The effects of N, P, and K levels on agronomic traits were analyzed during the jointing, heading, and filling stages. JG21 performed optimally under treatment with N160P90K150 (T6); the yield and fat content increased by 49.32% and 13% compared to the control. Correlation analysis revealed that N was significantly positively (negatively) correlated with the protein (amylose) content. P was significantly positively correlated with the fat and moisture content and K was correlated with the moisture, fat, and protein content, but was negatively with the amylose content. Overall, rational ratios of NPK fertilization improved foxtail millet yield and quality. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the T6 treatment (N160P90K150) demonstrated the highest comprehensive effect among 13 NPK fertilizer combinations. Rational application of NPK in foxtail millet may improve agronomic performance by enhancing leaf photosynthetic efficiency and aboveground biomass accumulation.

Effects of Individual or Combined Deficiency of Phosphorous and Zinc on Phenotypic, Nutrient Uptake, and Molecular Responses of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana): A Nutri-Rich Cereal Crop

“…A similar trend was also found in rice [27,28], okra [29], and barley [30,31]. Other previous studies have also reported that the individual or combined deficiency of Pi and Zn influenced the SL, PRL, SDW, and RDW in maize [32], barley [33], rice [34], wheat [35], soybean (Glycine max) [36], foxtail millet [37], and other millets [8,11]. Based on the phenotypic traits and our biomass analysis, we conclude that the combined −Pi−Zn condition had the maximum adverse effect on the finger millet seedlings compared to the individual −Pi and individual −Zn conditions.…”

“…Under the individual −Pi condition, as predicted, the contents of TP and Pi were significantly reduced (>43%) in shoots and roots compared to those under the +Pi+Zn condition (Figure 3A). In the present study, the Pi contents were reduced by >70% in root and shoot tissues under the individual −Pi condition compared to those under the +Pi+Zn condition in rice [46], by >40% in foxtail millet [9,10,37], by >10% in maize [47], and by >60% in seven millets [8]. Contrastingly, the contents of Zn significantly increased in the shoot (31.2%) and root (16.2%) tissues of finger millet under the same individual −Pi condition (Figure 3B).…”

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization management on soil properties and leaf traits and yield of Sapindus mukorossi

“…4.1 Effect of fertilization on yield N, P, and K fertilizers are key elements for high crop yields, and proper application can effectively improve crop yield and quality (Nemadodzi et al, 2017;Xing et al, 2023). It has been shown that there is a close relationship between fertilizers, soil, and plants, and the availability of fertilizers can directly affect soil fertility, which in turn affects plant yield (Chen et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2023).…”

Optimización de los Niveles de pH en Suelos Destinados al Cultivo de Palma Aceitera (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Mediante el Uso de Enmiendas Sólidas y Floables

“…Siendo los nutrientes esenciales el nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y potasio (K). Estos minerales frecuentemente se encuentran en bajas cantidades en los suelos por lo que deben ser adicionado (Xing et al, 2023).…”