Effects of Individual or Combined Deficiency of Phosphorous and Zinc on Phenotypic, Nutrient Uptake, and Molecular Responses of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana): A Nutri-Rich Cereal Crop

Abstract

Deficiencies of either phosphorus (P) or zinc (Zn) or both are one of the major abiotic constraints influencing agricultural production. Research on the effects of individual or combined P and Zn deficiency is limited in cereals. This study reports the effects of the individual or combined deficiency of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and Zn on the phenotypic, root hair modification, nutrient uptake, and molecular responses of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a nutri-rich cereal crop. Finger millet seedlings were grown hydroponically under control (+Pi+Zn), individual Pi deficiency (−Pi), individual Zn deficiency (−Zn), and combined Pi and Zn deficiency (−Pi−Zn) conditions for 30 days to find the phenotypic, root hair modification, nutrient uptake, and molecular responses. Compared to the individual −Zn condition, the individual −Pi condition had more of an effect in terms of biomass reduction. The combined −Pi−Zn condition increased the root hair length and density compared to the other three conditions. The individual −Zn condition increased the Pi uptake, while the individual −Pi condition favored the Zn uptake. EcZIP2 was highly upregulated in shoot tissues under the individual −Zn condition, and EcPHT1;2 was highly expressed in root tissues under the individual −Pi condition. This is the first study to report the effects of the individual or combined deficiency of Pi and Zn in finger millet and may lead to future studies to better manage P and Zn deficiency.

Role of Genome Sequences of Major and Minor Millets in Strengthening Food and Nutritional Security for Future Generations

“…Twelve natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) were developed from the foxtail millet genome support to alleviate cadmium and other heavy metals in millet tissues and grains [130]. In finger millet, 12 PHT1 and 6 zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family transporters were detected, and their expression pattern was analyzed under an individual or combined deficiency of phosphorous and zinc conditions [131].…”