Influence of Different Habitats on the Chemical Consituents of Codium Tomentosum

Abstract

T HE CURRENT study was conducted to assess the influence of different harvesting site (habitat) on the chemical constituents of Codium tomentosum Stack collected from two different sites on the coast of Egypt (Mediterranean [M] and Red [R] Seas). The current results showed that, salinity and temperature of the Red Sea is relatively higher than those of the Mediterranean one. Additionally, results indicated significant differences in the biochemical profiles of Codium between the two sampling sites. The total carbohydrate, proline, glycerol content together with total antioxidant capacity, reducing power as well as mineral content (Na + , K + and Ca ++) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (PPO, POX, ASO, APX and CAT) of Codium collected from site R were significantly higher than of those collected from site M. In contrast, total protein, total amino acids, flavonoids contents were predominated in Codium harvested from the Mediterranean Sea. No significant differences in ascorbic acid, glutathione, chlorophyll a content and total phenols collected from the two sites. The electrophoretic analysis of protein pattern revealed the appearance of of 7 and 8 polypeptide bands in Codium from the two sites (M and R, respectively). However polypeptides with molecular weights 93, 72 and 42kDa were recorded only for Codium of site (M), while that of 17 kDa was specific for Codium of site (R). In conclusion, this study shows that the different sampling sites influences on biochemical profiles of Codium. However, Codium in response to extreme temperatures and salinity, may alter its metabolism, building a strong protection system and producing compatible solutes in various ways to overcome these stress. This result is a step towards to study the algal diverse biochemical integrations involved in cellular adaptation of algae to different environmental factors and habitats.

Impact of Different Geographical Locations on Genetic Variation and Phytochemical Constituents of Two Medicinal Marine Algae.

“…Jormalainen and Honkanen (2008) demonstrated that concentrations of algal phenolic compounds vary according to habitat, season and local environmental factors such as salinity, light, and nutrient availability. Mansour et al (2018) found that change in salinity level between Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea doesn't induce a significant difference in the total phenol content of Codium tomentosum. However, Connan and Stengel (2011) reported a negative relationship between phenolic levels and salinity increase in some species of brown algae.…”

“…The free radical scavenging activity (DPPH%) of the methanol extracts of both Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum dentifolium behaves similarly as the higher activity in both macroalgae were recorded in Hurghada (56.63%, 64.47%, respectively), while the lower activities were recorded in the samples collected from Abu-Qir (51.43%, 59.69%, respectively). Mansour et al (2018) referred the increased antioxidant capacity in the samples of Codium tomentosum collected from Red Sea to the relative increase in its salinity and temperature, as compared with values recorded in Mediterranean Sea, which considered as stimulator to the alga to produce different secondary metabolites to overcome the effect of these stressors.…”

“…Abd El Fatah et al (2015) used SSR-PCR and ISSR-PCR based techniques as well as morphological examination to differentiate between four Chara samples collected from different habitats in Egypt. Mansour et al (2018) studied the influence of different habitats on the chemical constituents and protein profiles of Codium tomentosum, collected from Red and Mediterranean Seas. The increasing demand for macroalgal natural products attracts the attention of many researchers to investigate algae.…”

Domesticated Populations of Codium tomentosum Display Lipid Extracts with Lower Seasonal Shifts than Conspecifics from the Wild—Relevance for Biotechnological Applications of this Green Seaweed

“…Over the phylogenetic pathway, marine organisms were able to modify their metabolism and produce an array of compounds to avoid this type of oxidizing damage. Additionally, algae have evolved protective mechanisms against oxidation that promote the production of metabolites to re-establish cell metabolism, which can modify the antioxidant system to correct cellular redox balance [18,52]. Products of algal metabolism have been the target of multiple studies due to their bioactivity [2,4,11,12,46].…”

“…Algal metabolism is dependent on several factors that influence their metabolome: physiological status, presence/absence of epiphytic organisms, growth habitat, environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, light, and nutrients) or seasonal fluctuations [14][15][16][17]. In order to survive under shifting environments, cells promote metabolic adaptations according to environmental growth conditions and habitats [18]. The understanding of this chemoplasticity is important for the valorization of algae in different applications.…”