Influence of different demineralization treatments on physicochemical structure and thermal degradation of biomass

Jiang, Long; Hu, Song; Sun, Litao; Xu, Kai; He, Limo; Xiang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.063

Cited by 192 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The band at 2800-3000 cm -1 is attributed to C-H stretching vibration of -CH 2 and -CH 3 functional groups. A slight change in both bands can be observed after acid treatment specially for samples R3, R5 and R6 and it is in agreement to with the studies done by Jiang et al 17 and Asadieraghi et al 15 . The peak at 1730 cm -1 corresponds to C=O stretching vibration of free carbonyl group therefore it is a typical hemicellulose component.…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk

Aslam

Ramzan

Iqbal

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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Energy generation from biomass presents some serious problems like slagging, fouling and corrosion of boilers.To address these problems, demineralization of biomass is performed using different leaching agents. This study is focused on determining the infl uence of leaching agents and leaching time on the physiochemical structure of rice husk during demineralization. Dilute (5% wt) solutions of HCl and H 2 SO 4 were used for the demineralization of rice husk separately with leaching time of 15, 60 and 120 minutes. It is shown that H 2 SO 4 exhibited higher removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) comparatively as depicted by the 34.2% decrease in ash content along with an increase of 7.10% in the heating value. The acid has been seen to induce more notable changes in physiochemical structure as depicted by the FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs. The thermal degradation behavior of the demineralized rice husk has also been reported.Keywords: demineralization, leaching agent, physiochemical structure, alkali and alkaline earth metals, thermal degradation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONDue to depletion in fossil fuels reserves, increase in their price, greenhouse effect and environmental pollution, the current challenge to world is to reduce its dependence on fossil fuel by developing sustainable and renewable energy supply. Energy from biomass accounts for the largest renewable energy in the world 1 . Biomass is a lignocellulosic material mainly consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash and extractives 2 . One important feature of biomass is that it contains alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron etc. 3 AAEM are the main inorganic content of biomass. They are generally present less than 1% and may go up to 15% depending on the biomass type 4 . High AAEM content in biomass leads to slagging and fouling of heat exchanger in the high temperature conversion system. Slagging and fouling is the deposition of ash on the heat transfer surface forming an insulating layer. This layer reduces the heat transfer as well as causes corrosion and erosion problems. This condition puts the threat on the safe operation of the thermal system and also increases the cost of operation and maintenance. The main contributors in slagging and fouling are potassium and sodium which lower the melting point of ash resulting in ash deposition on heat transfer surface 5-7 .Demineralization of biomass has demonstrated to be an effective process for reducing the slagging and fouling nature of it by reducing AAEM content and improving its fuel properties for high temperature processes. Leaching agents (water and different acids) are used to demineralize the biomass in different studies 2, 8-11 . Jiang 2013 17 et al. used deionized water, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid and prthophosphoric acid. It was found that sulphuric acid and nitric acid were able to remove more AAEM than other leaching agents. Asadieraghi et al. 2014 15 demineralized palm oil biomasses w...

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Section: Ftir Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk

Aslam

Ramzan

Iqbal

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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“…These treatments also resulted in lower reduction of soluble carbohydrates and proteins contents, and higher energy content (∆U ) ( Table 1). Even nanopure water treatment was able to reduce the ash content significantly suggesting that part of the mineral content lost from Sargassum, is composed of water soluble components such as chlorides, nitrates, carbonates, and phosphates as observed for terrestrial biomass (Patwardhan et al, 2010;Jiang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Research | Bioenergy and Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demineralization procedures were adapted from the study reported by Jiang et al (2013). Sargassum spp.…”

Section: Demineralization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that alkali and alkali earth metals present in lignocellulosic feedstocks inactivated the catalysts used in the downstream upgrading processes of bio-oil (Liu and Bi, 2011). Although it is already established that metal content impacts biomass thermochemical processing, their role and mechanisms are not well understood and have only been studied for a few types of feedstocks and biomass thermochemical conversion techniques (Liu and Bi, 2011;Jiang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demineralization of Sargassum spp. Macroalgae Biomass: Selective Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Bio-Oil Production

et al. 2015

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Algae biomasses are considered a viable option for the production of biofuel because of their high yields of oil produced per dry weight. Brown macroalgae Sargassum spp. are one of the most abundant species of algae in the shores of Puerto Rico. Its availability in large quantity presents a great opportunity for use as a source of renewable energy. However, high ash content of macroalgae affects the conversion processes and the quality of resulting fuel products. This research studied the effect of different demineralization treatments of Sargassum spp. biomass, subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and bio-oil characterization. Demineralization constituted five different treatments: nanopure water, nitric acid, citric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid. Performance of demineralization was evaluated by analyzing both demineralized biomass and HTL products by the following analyses: total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ash content, caloric content, metals analysis, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and GCMS analysis. HTL of Sargassum spp. before and after citric acid treatment was performed in a 1.8 L batch reactor system at 350°C with a holding time of 60 min and high pressures (5-21 MPa). Demineralization treatment with nitric acid was found the most effective in reducing the ash content of the macroalgae biomass from 27.46 to 0.99% followed by citric acid treatment that could reduce the ash content to 7%. Citric acid did not show significant leaching of organic components such as carbohydrates and proteins, and represented a less toxic and hazardous option for demineralization. HTL of untreated and citric acid treated Sargassum spp. resulted in bio-oil yields of 18.4 0.1 and 22.2 0.1% (ash-free dry basis), respectively. ± ±

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“…In a study on pyrolysis of biomass, the release of K from bio-char was observed 30) . In the present study, a portion of supported K atoms would be released from the surface and the inside of the bio-char ( Fig.…”

Section: ) ～ 26)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion State of Catalytic Metal Supported on Bio-Char Elucidated Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: Effects of Catalyst Type and Heating Process

Hanaoka

Okumura

2017

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

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Bio-chars loaded directly with catalytic metals such as K and Fe were gasified with CO2 at atmospheric pressure after being heated to 1023-1323 K under an Ar flow. The gasification rate constant (Kp) of K-loaded biochar was extremely higher than that of Fe-loaded bio-char. The structure such as surface and cross section of these bio-chars after (1) metal ions were supported on bio-char by the impregnation method (i.e. before heating) and (2) heating under an Ar flow (i.e. just before gasification) were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Before heating, the K atoms were uniformly distributed with no crystal formation. Even after heating under an Ar flow, the distribution of K atoms on the surface and inside of bio-chars remained uniform, suggesting the efficient formation of active sites for CO 2 gasification, although the K content on the surface decreased because of releasing. In contrast, even before heating, the Fe atoms were

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Influence of different demineralization treatments on physicochemical structure and thermal degradation of biomass

Cited by 192 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk

Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk

Demineralization of Sargassum spp. Macroalgae Biomass: Selective Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Bio-Oil Production

Dispersion State of Catalytic Metal Supported on Bio-Char Elucidated Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: Effects of Catalyst Type and Heating Process

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