Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows

Donovan, Douglas C.; Schingoethe, D.J.; Baer, R.J.; Ryali, J.; Hippen, A. R.; Franklin, S.T.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75155-1

Cited by 193 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, rather than a depressive effect of PUFA supplementation per se, this may be attributed to the high dietary concentration of this fatty acid in the control (Megalac) diets. By contrast, the lower concentration of C 18:0 within milk fat conferred by fish oil supplementation concurs with results reported by Donovan et al (2000), Kitessa et al (2001b) and Gulati et al (2003). The methods used to analyse milk fatty-acid composition within the current study did not differentiate between lipid classes, thus both phosphatidylglycerols and triacylglycerols are presented in the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, fish oil supplementation of lactating cattle has been reported to reduce both milk yield and milk fat concentration (Shingfield et al, 2003); effects that may potentially reduce lamb growth rate. Reductions in feed intake have been reported as a result of fish oil supplementation of ewes (Annett et al, 2004) or lactating cattle (Donovan et al, 2000) but dietary fat source had no significant effect upon the daily forage intake of pregnant and lactating ewes within the current study. It should be noted, however, that the aforementioned studies did not include a control fat source in the non-fish oil-supplemented diets, therefore it is possible that the Abbreviations are: MB 5 Megalac 1 50 mg/kg vitamin E, MS 5 Megalac 1 500 mg/kg vitamin E, FB 5 fish oil 1 50 mg/kg vitamin E, FS 5 fish oil 1 500 mg/kg vitamin E.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

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The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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Supplementation of pregnant ewes with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) demonstrably improves indicators of neonatal lamb vigour, potentially improving the number of lambs reared per ewe. The present study investigated the effect of supplementing ewes with fish oil and vitamin E (a-tocopherol acetate) throughout both pregnancy and lactation on the performance of lactating ewes and sucking lambs. Forty-eight ewes were supplemented with one of four concentrates containing either Megalac or fish oil plus a basal (50 mg/kg) or supranutritional (500 mg/kg) concentration of vitamin E from 6 weeks pre-partum until 4 weeks post partum in a two-by-two factorial randomised-block design. All concentrates were formulated to contain approximately 60 g/kg supplemental fatty acids. Ewes were housed, penned on sawdust and offered straw ad libitum. Blood samples were taken from ewes and lambs at intervals throughout the experiment and milk samples were obtained at 21 days into lactation. There was no notable effect of dietary vitamin E concentration upon ewe or lamb performance. Ewe dry-matter (DM) intake and yield were unaffected by dietary treatment, although ewes fed fish oil lost less weight during lactation (21.88 kg compared with 23.97 kg for Megalac-supplemented ewes; P , 0.01). Milk fat concentrations (67.3 g/kg compared with 91.8 g/kg; P , 0.01) and yields (6.65 g/h v. 9.26 g/h; P , 0.01) were reduced in ewes fed fish oil and these decreases were associated with lower litter-growth rates (0.49 g/day compared with 0.54 g/day; P , 0.05). Milk protein yield was increased by fish oil supplementation (3.82 g/h) compared with Megalac supplementation (3.28 g/h; P , 0.05); moreover, there was an interaction between fat source and vitamin E concentration in that both protein concentration and yield were significantly lower in milk from ewes fed treatment with Megalac 1 basal vitamin E (MB) compared with the other three treatments. Fish oil supplementation increased the concentrations of C 18:1 trans-, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C 20:5 (n-3) and C 22:6 (n-3) within ewe plasma, milk and lamb plasma. The mechanisms by which fish oil supplementation affects milk composition warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…A possible explanation may be that the differences in clover species proportions were too small in the present study. Higher milk fat proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 for ORG-SG versus ORG-LG may be related to increased de novo synthesis, and higher milk fat proportions of C22:1 cis-11 and C22:6n-3 may be related to higher intake of fishmeal, in accordance with Donovan et al (2000).…”

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most shortchain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.

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“…Maximal concentration of trans-11-C 18:1 and CLA in milk was observed when fish oil represented about 2% of total DM intake of cows [37] [38] without further increments when fish oil was increased up to 3% of total DM intake [38]. It was also stated that fish oil can be reduced at 1% of total DM intake when it is combined with other sources of lipid substrate [39].…”

Section: Milk Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Polyunsaturated Supplements to Grazing Dairy Cows Improve the Healthy Value of Milk Fatty Acids

Gagliostro¹,

Garciarena²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

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The objective of the experiment was to improve the healthy value of milk fatty acids (FA) by feeding sunflower oil (SO) or sunflower seed (SS) combined or not with fish oil (FO) to grazing dairy cows. Four Holstein cows (515 ± 80 kg liveweight) in late lactation (230 days postpartum) fitted with ruminal cannulae were allotted to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with factorial arrangement of treatments: SS = 1.9 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/d of SS; SO = 0.8 kg/cow/d of SO; SS-FO = SS + 0.24 kg/cow/d FO and SO-FO = SO + 0.24 kg/FO. Cows grazed a high quality pasture offered at 11 kg DM/cow/day. After the afternoon milking cows also received 5.6 kg DM/cow of corn silage and during each milking time cracked corn grain (1.3 kg DM/cow) mixed with a mineral-vitamin premix was fed. Oils and SS were introduced via ruminal cannulae and SS was fed roughly grounded. Milk yield tended (p < 0.07) to increase in SO treatments (9.9 vs 8.7 kg/d). Yields (kg/d) of fat corrected milk (FCM) (8.01 vs 6.37) and milk fat (0.27 vs 0.191) increased (p < 0.05) in SO diets and milk fat content was not affected. Milk protein concentration (40.5 vs 37.0 g/kg) and yield (0.397 vs 0.322 kg/d) were higher (p < 0.05) in SO without effects of FO or their interaction. Milk cholesterol content did not differ. The reduction in the atherogenic saturated FA of milk averaged 63% for C 12:0 , 51% for C 14:0 and 29% for C 16:0 . Atherogenicity index (AI) of milk was reduced particularly in SS-FO. Basal concentration of cis-9, trans-11 C 18:2 (CLA) in milk was 1.39 g/100g FA and increased (p < 0.05) by 144% across treatments without differences between SS or SO. Feeding FO increased (p < 0.05) milk contents of CLA (2.86 to 3.92 g/100g FA) and linolenic acid. Comparing SO or SS with or without FO showed no changes for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) degradation of pasture. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fed to grazing dairy cows had a marked effect on milk FA profile putatively

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Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 193 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Feeding Polyunsaturated Supplements to Grazing Dairy Cows Improve the Healthy Value of Milk Fatty Acids

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