Influence of deposition potential on Cu2ZnSnS4 thin–film solar cells co–electrodeposited on fluorine–doped tin oxide substrates

Wang, Zhi; Tao, Jiahua; Xiao, Wenzhen; Xu, Tianning; Zhang, Xiwei; Hu, Dan; Ma, Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.114

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The change in the film surface may be brought about by the CZT crystal lattice deformation which is attributed to reacting with S atoms comparable to CZT single crystals during the sulfurization process. 23 The microstructures of our samples in this study were similar to those of CZTS reported by Guo et al 27 and Wang et al 28 In solar cell devices, larger grains are necessary to obtain a smaller number of grain boundaries that will decrease the carrier recombination. It was obvious that the Na ions stimulated the CZTS crystal growth.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Mkawi

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In the present study, kesterite films were synthesized by sulfurization of co‐electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor, focusing on the effect of different metals (Li, Na, Sb, and Cr) on the CZTS thin films' properties. The structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated. We demonstrated the deposition of four different metals using spin‐coating on co‐electrodeposited thin films. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the kieserite phase with major intense peaks corresponding to the (112), (200), (312) and (332) planes with improvement in crystallinity after doping. Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of a pure kesterite phase with a minor amount of impurities in the Na‐doped CZTS thin film. FE‐SEM analyses showed smooth, compact, and uniform surface morphology with fewer holes and cracks and well‐defined boundaries between the submicron particles and adherent layer cross section. An energy gap absorption edge ranging from 1.56 eV to 1.71 eV was calculated from the absorption measurements, while improvements in the energy gab were observed depending on the doping metal. The absorption coefficient was higher than 104 cm−1 in the visible spectrum of light. The performance of the solar cell with a device configuration of Glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i‐ZnO/ZnO: Al/Ag under simulated AM 1.5 was reported. The presence of different dopants increased the average efficiency from 1.74% ± 0.4 to 3.47% ± 0.3. Upon Na doping, solar cell device demonstrated as high‐performance efficiency as 3.47%, featuring open‐circuit voltage Voc = 343 mV, short‐circuit current density Jsc =12.55 mA/cm2, and a fill factor FF = 69.1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Mkawi

2020

Int J Energy Res

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“…Besides, shunt conduction G could also be related to recombination in grain boundaries, cracks in the film and depletion region of CZTSSe/CdS and/or CZTSSe/FTO. [ 9,28a,30 ] Hence, the higher shunt conduction at lower annealing temperature (480 and 510 °C) could be attributed to recombination in the increased grain boundaries owing to low crystalline quality and poor morphology. Whereas the higher shunt conduction at higher annealing temperature above 540 °C attributes to recombination due to pinholes, voids, and CZTSSe/FTO back interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 2,3 ] Recently, bifacial, semi‐transparent, and tandem solar cells based on kesterite receive enormous interest. [ 4–11 ] The opaque nature of traditional molybdenum (Mo) substrate limits its application in a related area. For this purpose, alternative transparent back contacts such as In 2 O 3 :Sn (ITO), ZnO:Al (AZO), and SnO 2 :F (FTO) have been adopted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifacial Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ Thin Film Solar Cell Based on Molecular Ink and Rapid Thermal Processing

Khan

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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The use of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) as a back contact for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cell enables light absorption from both front and rear sides and allows for the fabrication of semi‐transparent photovoltaic devices. However, the CZTSSe solar cell based on TCO substrate suffers from high parasitic losses owing to the long post‐annealing time at elevated temperature required for high‐quality absorber. This work aims to overcome this issue by carefully tailoring the annealing conditions to obtain high‐performance solar cell. Rapid thermal processing is used to instantaneously generate high Se vapor pressure at target temperature and shorten the annealing time. The crystalline quality, morphology, and particularly the photovoltaic performance of the resulting CZTSSe thin film are systematically investigated. It is found that the increase of annealing temperature and time improves the crystalline quality but unfortunately deteriorates the device performance owing to increasing parasitic losses. Increasing the amount of Se allows to get highly crystalline absorber within 7 min of annealing, yielding a total area 5.56% efficient CZTSSe solar cell with front illumination resulting from reducing parasitic losses. This work provides a simple approach to preserve the back contact without using a complex interfacial layer.

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“…Some efforts have been dedicated to kesterite-based bifacial solar cells, but the efficiency is still lower compared with the conventional Mo-based solar cells [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The high parasitic loss was reported to be one of the reasons when using transparent conducting oxide (TCO) as a back contact [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], although a slightly higher efficiency of 7.9% was achieved by using a vacuum-based process combined with a complex interlayer modification of the back interface [37]. Apart from that, deposition of 10 nm Ge layer on the top of sputtered precursor film, MgF 2 anti-reflective coating, and long annealing time (over 60 min) have been applied to make the result possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 bifacial solar cell via a composition gradient strategy through the molecular ink

Khan

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci. China Mater.

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The use of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) as a substrate in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells allows for advanced applications, such as bifacial, semitransparent, and tandem solar cells with the capability to increase power density generation. However, the efficiency of this kind of solar cell is still below 6% based on the low-cost solution process. In this work, we develop a composition gradient strategy and demonstrate a 6.82% efficient CZTSSe solar cell on F:SnO 2 (FTO) substrate under the ambient condition. The composition gradient is realized by simply depositing the precursor inks with different Zn/Sn ratios. To verify that the high performance of the solar cell is attributed to the composition gradient strategy rather than the sole change of the Zn/Sn ratio, devices based on absorbers with varied Zn/Sn ratios are fabricated. Furthermore, the structure and surface morphology of the CZTSSe films with/without composition gradients are examined. The presence of elemental gradient through the depth of the CZTSSe films before and after annealing is confirmed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis. It is found that the composition gradient enhances the crystallinity of the absorber, reduces the surface roughness as well as device parasitic losses, contributing to a higher fill factor, open-circuit voltage , and conversion efficiency.

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Influence of deposition potential on Cu2ZnSnS4 thin–film solar cells co–electrodeposited on fluorine–doped tin oxide substrates

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Bifacial Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ Thin Film Solar Cell Based on Molecular Ink and Rapid Thermal Processing

Highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 bifacial solar cell via a composition gradient strategy through the molecular ink

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Influence of deposition potential on Cu2ZnSnS4 thin–film solar cells co–electrodeposited on fluorine–doped tin oxide substrates

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Bifacial Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin Film Solar Cell Based on Molecular Ink and Rapid Thermal Processing

Highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 bifacial solar cell via a composition gradient strategy through the molecular ink

Contact Info

Product

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About

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films synthesized utilizing electrodeposition: Influence of metal doping on the properties

Bifacial Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ Thin Film Solar Cell Based on Molecular Ink and Rapid Thermal Processing