Influence of crustal aerosols on wet deposition at urban and rural sites in India

Jain, Monika; Kulshrestha, Umesh Chandra; Sarkar, Agniswar; Parashar, D. C.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00350-2

Cited by 85 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Average, Cl -/Na + ratio was very close to sea water value (1.16) indicating that Cl -was completely contributed by marine sources. Almost similar Cl -/Na + ratios have been reported in snow/ice core samples globally (Marinoni et al, 2005;Yalcin et al, 2006 (Jain et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Source Contribution At Gulmargsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…S3. These ratios are very useful to explain acidity of precipitation (Jain et al, 2000;Satyanarayana et al, 2010). The highest concentration of Na + among all cations and Cl -among all anions clearly indicated the influence of (Nakamae and Shiotani, 2013).…”

Section: Clusterwise Chemical Composition Of Snowmeltmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The decrease in pH is possibly due to the increase in acidic species such as nssSO 4 2-and NO 3 -. It can also be explained on the basis of elevated ratios of nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ (Jain et al, 2000). However, precipitation chemistry has very high spatial and temporal variations.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Snowmelt and Its Comparison With Prementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Kumar

Singh

Gupta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The study reports snow chemistry and long range transport of pollutants at Gulmarg in north-western Himalayan region of India during winters of 2012-2013. The pH of snowmelt varied between 5.16 and 7.68 with an average of 5.90. The frequency distribution of pH of snowmelt showed that the maximum number of samples (31%) had pH between 6.81 and 7.20. However, 12% samples were observed to be acidic (below 5.6 respectively. Both local emissions as well as long range transport (LRT) of pollutants were found to be the sources of these ionic species. Backward airmass trajectory calculations showed that this site received airmasses from six major sectors i.e., i) North Atlantic Ocean origin (NAO), ii) African origin (Af), iii) Middle East origin (ME), iv) European origin (Eu), v) Western India origin (InW), vi) Pakistan origin (Pk). The highest average pH (7.58) of the snowfall was noticed during InW airmasses which had the lowest ratios of nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ . Very high pH has been observed in precipitation samples at Indian sites due to buffering of acidic components by atmospheric dust rich in CaCO 3 . The lowest pH (4.94) was noticed for ME airmasses which had the highest nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ ratios. Data of present study was compared with a study reported almost three decades ago. We noticed a drastic increase in the concentrations of anthropogenic components such as nssSO 4 2-(114%), NO 3 -(109%) and NH 4 + (90%). This is probably due to increase in LRT of pollutants as well as local activities during past three decades.

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Section: Source Contribution At Gulmargsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Clusterwise Chemical Composition Of Snowmeltmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Snowmelt and Its Comparison With Prementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Kumar

Singh

Gupta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…) was calculated using the formula (HCO3 − ) = 10 (pH − 11.24) [42][43][44]. According to Okuda et al (2005) [15], the acceptable ion range (∑ cation/∑ anion) and conductivity (∑ measured conductivity/∑ anion conductivity) ratio for a rain sample is 0.67-1.5.…”

Section: Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

et al. 2015

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“…The high correlation between Ca 2þ and Na þ may however indicates a more complex process. Jain et al (2000) have reported significant amounts of nss SO 4 2À in rainwater at Delhi, contributed by soil. SO 4 2À in rainwater has been reported as due to the re-suspension of gypsiferous soil dust in India (Jacks et al, 1994).…”

Section: Source Categorization Of Ions In Cloud-watermentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical composition of the inorganic fraction of cloud-water at a high altitude station in West India

Budhavant

Rao

Safai

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Influence of crustal aerosols on wet deposition at urban and rural sites in India

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

Chemical composition of the inorganic fraction of cloud-water at a high altitude station in West India

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