Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils

Zwieten, Lukas Van; Rust, J.; Kingston, T. J.; Merrington, Graham; Morris, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.014

Cited by 96 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Copper based products have also been questioned due to their potential to negatively affect the environment. Accumulation of copper in the soil horizons from frequent applications, particularly in orchard operations, has been shown to decrease populations of soil fauna and the associated nutrient cycling and bioturbation, subsequently altering the physical and chemical properties, reducing crop yield, as well as increasing contamination of runoff water [63][64][65][66]. Although some negative aspects exist for a small number of organic insecticides and fungicides, improvements in dispersal technology and formulation, as well as increasing the preharvest interval, organically produced agricultural goods that meet consumer expectations can be delivered to market while maintaining the sustainability of the system.…”

Section: Insecticides and Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic versus Conventional Cropping Sustainability: A Comparative System Analysis

Fess

Benedito

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:We are at a pivotal time in human history, as the agricultural sector undergoes consolidation coupled with increasing energy costs in the context of declining resource availability. Although organic systems are often thought of as more sustainable than conventional operations, the lack of concise and widely accepted means to measure sustainability makes coming to an agreement on this issue quite challenging. However, an accurate assessment of sustainability can be reached by dissecting the scientific underpinnings of opposing production practices and crop output between cropping systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive evaluation of modern global production practices and economics of organic cropping systems, as well as assess the sustainability of organic production practices through the clarification of information and analysis of recent research. Additionally, this review addresses areas where improvements can be made to help meet the needs of future organic producers, including organic-focused breeding programs and necessity of coming to a unified global stance on plant breeding technologies. By identifying management strategies that utilize practices with long-term environmental and resource efficiencies, a concerted global effort could guide the adoption of organic agriculture as a sustainable food production system.

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Section: Insecticides and Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic versus Conventional Cropping Sustainability: A Comparative System Analysis

Fess

Benedito

2018

Sustainability

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“…Their extensive use since the late nineteenth century has led to substantial accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils (Fernández-Calviño et al 2009), where the element has reached phytotoxic levels in some cases (Komárek et al 2010). There have also been reports of high Cu concentrations in soils bearing other crop types (Lima 1994;Schramel et al 2000;Loland and Singh 2004;Van Zwieten et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling losses of copper-based fungicide foliar sprays in wash-off under simulated rain

Pérez‐Rodríguez

Paradelo

Gómez

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Wash-off experiments of three Cu-based fungicides were conducted with a single raindrop simulator with known drop size and fall height. Losses were quantified as total Cu (Cu T ), in solution (Cu L ), and particulate (Cu P ). Cu wash-off time course was modeled for two different drop sizes using a stochastic model based on the cumulative detachment by random scattered raindrop impacts. In other set of experiments, the influence of raindrop size, fall height, and fungicide dose was analyzed statistically by means of a full factorial design. Most Cu was lost as particles sized from 0.3 to 1 lm. The stochastic model gave good estimations with two detachment performance levels. The best-fitting model parameters were as follows: the single element area covered by one impact (1.7 and 0.38 cm 2 for the large and small raindrop, respectively), the average number of repeated drop impacts on one single element area that exhaust non-rainfast fungicide (4.2 ± 3.0 small drops and 2.5 ± 0.5 large drops for the high performance level, low performance level needed 30 ± 10 large drops and 40 ± 88 small drops), and the mass washed-off by a single-drop impact (from 1.27 ± 0.2 lg Cu to 3 ± 1 ng Cu per impact). Factorial design showed the dosage was the most influential factor in the three fungicide formulations. The model can help to estimate fungicide losses in field from rainfall and canopy properties. However, the particulate/soluble loss ratio cannot be predicted by the model since both the particle detachment and solubilization were not clearly related with the raindrop energy.

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“…A series of controlled field studies in South African vineyards found populations of the earthworms decreased significantly following a series of copper oxychloride spray applications (Maboeta et al, 2003;Eijsackers et al, 2005). Furthermore, a study in avocado orchards reported that accumulated Cu resulted in a decrease in earthworm activity and in decrease in the rate of litter decomposition (Van Zwieten, 2004). In relation to microbial activity, Wang et al (2009) found a relationship between increased soil Cu concentration and decreased microbial biomass and phosphatase activity in the soils of apple orchards that had received copper-based fungicides for 5 to 45 years.…”

Section: E Fetida 28-day Reproduction Ec 50 Values Predicted Using Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risks of Fungicides Used in Horticultural Production Systems

Wightwick¹,

Walters²,

Allinson³

et al. 2010

Fungicides

110

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Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils

Cited by 96 publications

References 30 publications

Organic versus Conventional Cropping Sustainability: A Comparative System Analysis

Organic versus Conventional Cropping Sustainability: A Comparative System Analysis

Modeling losses of copper-based fungicide foliar sprays in wash-off under simulated rain

Environmental Risks of Fungicides Used in Horticultural Production Systems

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